Django框架设置cookies与获取cookies操作详解

from django.template import loader ,Context
from django.http import HttpResponse
def main(request):
   #不用模板
   response= HttpResponse('test')
   response.set_cookie('my_cookie','cookie value')
   return response
def main(request):
   #用模板
   response= render_to_response('xxxx.html', {})
   response.set_cookie('my_cookie','cookie value')
   return response

function getCookie(c_name)
{
if (document.cookie.length>0)
 {
 c_start=document.cookie.indexOf(c_name + "=")
 if (c_start!=-1)
  {
  c_start=c_start + c_name.length+1
  c_end=document.cookie.indexOf(";",c_start)
  if (c_end==-1) c_end=document.cookie.length
  return unescape(document.cookie.substring(c_start,c_end))
  }
 }
return ""
}

value = request.COOKIES["cookie_key"]

function setCookie(c_name,value,expiredays)
{
var exdate=new Date()
exdate.setDate(exdate.getDate()+expiredays)
document.cookie=c_name+ "=" +escape(value)+
((expiredays==null) ? "" : ";expires="+exdate.toGMTString())
}

print request.session.items()
# 登陆状态下输出
[('domain', 'http://beginman.sinaapp.com'), ('_auth_user_backend', 'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend'), ('_auth_user_id', 1L)]
# 注销状态下输出
[('domain', 'http://beginman.sinaapp.com')]

#中间件
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', #看这里
    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', #看这里
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware',  # 处理gzip压缩,减轻服务器压力
    'pagination.middleware.PaginationMiddleware', # django 第三方分页
    'common.mymiddleware.Mymiddleware',
    # Uncomment the next line for simple clickjacking protection:
    # 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)
#TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS
# 注意django1.5的这个玩意儿与低版本的不同
# 参考：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.3/ref/settings/#std:setting-TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS
TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = (
  "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
  "django.core.context_processors.debug",
  "django.core.context_processors.i18n",
  "django.core.context_processors.media",
  "django.core.context_processors.static",
  "django.core.context_processors.request",
  "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages"
)
  INSTALLED_APPS = (
  'django.contrib.auth',  #this
  'django.contrib.contenttypes', #this
  'django.contrib.sessions', #this
  'django.contrib.sites',
  'django.contrib.messages',
  'django.contrib.staticfiles',
  # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
  'django.contrib.admin',
  # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
  # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
  'mysite',
)

print request.COOKIES
{'csrftoken': '9fBE9Kh0uuzXEMzWdc4z4aIOoZg1EaoI', 'sessionid': 'lf4dd7xjlyzrh4yvzbtltlbujy3ipp1f', 'Hm_lvt_c65358e73ce306691a49ae5119f58783': '1405408338'}

<form name="testform" action="/xxx"> 
<input type="hidden" name="jsessionid" value="ByOK3vjFD75aPnrF7C2HmdnV6QZcEbzWoWiBYEnLerjQ99zWpBng!-145788764"> 
<input type="text"> 
</form> 

request.COOKIES['sessionid'] # 获取
request.COOKIES.get('sessionid', None) # 获取

HttpResponse.set_cookie(key, value='', max_age=None, expires=None, path='/', domain=None, secure=None, httponly=False)

mysql> select * from django_session;
+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| session_key           | session_data                                                                                       | expire_date     |
+----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| 1x5fxr1upboyiw4ny640tgdl2mto6i6i | NjJkNzBiYjE2NjBlYTBkMGZmY2QzYmIxOGE5MDRmNTE1YTgzM2FmNzqAAn1xAS4=                                                             | 2014-07-16 02:21:35 |
..................

fav_color = request.session['fav_color']   #get
request.session['fav_color'] = 'blue'      #set
del request.session['fav_color']         #del
'fav_color' in request.session           #contains
fav_color = request.session.get('fav_color', 'red')
fav_color = request.session.pop('fav_color')  # pop

def login(request):
  if request.method == 'POST':
    if request.session.test_cookie_worked():  # 测套
      request.session.delete_test_cookie()   # 收套
      return HttpResponse("You're logged in.")
    else:
      return HttpResponse("Please enable cookies and try again.")
  request.session.set_test_cookie()       # 下套
  return render_to_response('foo/login_form.html')

{{ request.session.ms }}

mysql> describe django_session;
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| session_key | varchar(40) | NO  | PRI | NULL  |    |
| session_data | longtext  | NO  |   | NULL  |    |
| expire_date | datetime  | NO  | MUL | NULL  |    |
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

>>> from django.contrib.sessions.models import Session
>>> s=Session.objects.all()
>>> s
[<Session: Session object>, <Session: Session object>, <Session: Session object>, <Session: Session object>, <Session: Session object>,....]
>>> for i in s:
...   print i.get_decoded()
...
{'domain': 'http://beginman.sinaapp.com'}
{'domain': 'http://beginman.sinaapp.com', '_auth_user_backend': 'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend', '_auth_user_id': 1L}
{'domain': 'http://beginman.sinaapp.com'}
....

pip install django-redis-sessions

SESSION_ENGINE = 'redis_sessions.session'

SESSION_REDIS_HOST = 'localhost'
SESSION_REDIS_PORT = 6379
SESSION_REDIS_DB = 0
SESSION_REDIS_PASSWORD = 'password'
SESSION_REDIS_PREFIX = 'session'
# If you prefer domain socket connection, you can just add this line instead of SESSION_REDIS_HOST and SESSION_REDIS_PORT.
SESSION_REDIS_UNIX_DOMAIN_SOCKET_PATH = '/var/run/redis/redis.sock'

pip install django-redis-cache

#On Django < 1.3:
CACHE_BACKEND = 'redis_cache.cache://:'
#On Django >= 1.3:
# When using TCP connections
CACHES = {
  'default': {
    'BACKEND': 'redis_cache.RedisCache',
    'LOCATION': '<host>:<port>',
    'OPTIONS': {
      'DB': 1,
      'PASSWORD': 'yadayada',
      'PARSER_CLASS': 'redis.connection.HiredisParser',
      'CONNECTION_POOL_CLASS': 'redis.BlockingConnectionPool',
      'CONNECTION_POOL_CLASS_KWARGS': {
        'max_connections': 50,
        'timeout': 20,
      }
    },
  },
}
# When using unix domain sockets
# Note: ``LOCATION`` needs to be the same as the ``unixsocket`` setting
# in your redis.conf
CACHES = {
  'default': {
    'BACKEND': 'redis_cache.RedisCache',
    'LOCATION': '/path/to/socket/file',
    'OPTIONS': {
      'DB': 1,
      'PASSWORD': 'yadayada',
      'PARSER_CLASS': 'redis.connection.HiredisParser'
    },
  },
}
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware',  # This must be first on the list
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
(...)
'django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware', # This must be last

#这里是TCP连接
CACHES = {
  'default': {
    'BACKEND': 'redis_cache.RedisCache',
    'LOCATION': '127.0.0.1:6379',
    'OPTIONS': {
      'DB': 0,
      'PASSWORD': '', # 这里没有设置密码
      # 'PARSER_CLASS': 'redis.connection.HiredisParser', # 这段可先注释掉否则出现 :Hiredis is not installed的错误
      'CONNECTION_POOL_CLASS': 'redis.BlockingConnectionPool',
      'CONNECTION_POOL_CLASS_KWARGS': {
        'max_connections': 50,
        'timeout': 20,
      }
    },
  },
}

# Start by importing your default cache:
from django.core.cache import cache
# Store data under a-unique-key:
cache.set('a-unique-key', 'this is a string which will be cached')
# Later on you can retrieve it in another function:
cache.get('a-unique-key') # Will return None if key is not found in cache
# You can specify a default value:
cache.get('another-unique-key', 'default value')
# You can store multiple values at once:
cache.set_many({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
# And fetch multiple values:
cache.get_many(['a', 'b', 'c']) # returns {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
# You can store complex types in the cache:
cache.set('a-unique-key', {
  'string'  : 'this is a string',
  'int'    : 42,
  'list'   : [1, 2, 3, 4],
  'tuple'   : (1, 2, 3, 4),
  'dict'   : {'A': 1, 'B' : 2},
})

unixsocket /var/run/redis/redis.sock
unixsocketperm 777

$ sudo service redis-server restart