Springboot消除switch-case过程解析

时间:2021-04-02 人气:0

背景

最近，在使用springboot开发一个接口的时候，需要根据接收的请求事件类型，去执行不同的操作，返回不同的结果，基本逻辑如下：

 String event = crsRequest.getEvent();
    CRSResponse crsResponse = null;
    switch (event) {
      case CRSRequestEvent.APP_START:
        crsResponse = processAppStartCommand(crsRequest);
        break;
      case CRSRequestEvent.INIT_COMPLETE:
        crsResponse = processInitCompleteCommand(crsRequest);
        break;
      case CRSRequestEvent.COLLECT_COMPLETE:
        crsResponse = processCollectCompleteCommand(crsRequest);
        break;
      case CRSRequestEvent.COLLECT_NO_INPUT:
        crsResponse = processCollectNoInputCommand(crsRequest);
        break;
      case CRSRequestEvent.PLAY_COMPLETE:
        crsResponse = processPlayCompleteCommand(crsRequest);
        break;
      default:
    }

写完会发现，随着事件的增加，这段代码会很长，每个事件的处理函数也都集中在一个类当中，不好维护。因此，通过搜索学习发现，可以使用Springboot的注解+策略模式+简单工厂的方式来消除switch-case。

重构

定义结构体

public enum CRSEvent {
  APP_START("APP_START"),
  INIT_COMPLETE("INIT_COMPLETE"),
  PLAY_COMPLETE("PLAY_COMPLETE"),
  COLLECT_COMPLETE("COLLECT_COMPLETE"),
  COLLECT_NO_INPUT("COLLECT_NO_INPUT"),
  APP_END("APP_END"),
  RESP_ERROR_CMD("RESP_ERROR_CMD");

  private String event;

  CRSEvent(String event){
    this.event = event;
  }
  
  public String getEvent() {
    return event;
  }

  public void setEvent(String event) {
    this.event = event;
  }
}

定义一个注解

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface CRSEventAnnotation {

  CRSEvent value();
}

定义事件处理接口

public interface EventProcess {
  CRSResponse execute(CRSRequest resquest);
}

所有的时间处理类都要实现这个接口。其中，execute是事件的处理方法

编写具体的时间处理类

接下来，逐个的编写事件处理类，举下面一个例子：

@Component("appStartProcess")
@CRSEventAnnotation(value = CRSEvent.APP_START)
public class AppStartProcess implements EventProcess{

  @Override
  public CRSResponse execute(CRSRequest resquest) {
    CRSResponse response = new CRSResponse();
    response.setCommand(CRSResponseCmd.IVR_SESSION_INIT);
    CRSResponse.Message message = new CRSResponse.Message();
    message.setTts_vid("65580");
    message.setTts_speed("120");
    response.setMessage(message);
    return response;
  }
}

定义SpringContext工具类

@Component
public class SpringContextUtil implements ApplicationContextAware{

  private ApplicationContext context;

  public ApplicationContext getContext(){
    return context;
  }

  @Override
  public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
    this.context = applicationContext;
  }
}

定义事件处理类工厂，用来生产各种事件处理对象

@Component
public class EventProcessFactory {

  @Autowired
  SpringContextUtil contextUtil;

  private static Map<CRSEvent, EventProcess> eventProcessMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

  public EventProcessFactory() {
    Map<String, Object> beanMap = contextUtil.getContext().getBeansWithAnnotation(CRSEventAnnotation.class);

    for (Object evetProcess : beanMap.values()) {
      CRSEventAnnotation annotation = evetProcess.getClass().getAnnotation(CRSEventAnnotation.class);
      eventProcessMap.put(annotation.value(), (EventProcess) evetProcess);
    }
  }
  
  public static EventProcess createEventProcess(CRSEvent event){
    return eventProcessMap.get(event);
  }
}

调用代码修改

 CRSEvent crsEvent = CRSEvent.valueOf(crsRequest.getEvent());
 EventProcess eventProcess = EventProcessFactory.createEventProcess(crsEvent);
 if (eventProcess != null){
   return eventProcess.execute(crsRequest);
 }
return null;

这样，代码就没有了switch-case，增加一个事件也很简单，只需要实现EventProcess接口即可。

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