Retrofit 请求对象转换 Retrofit源码之请求对象的转换笔记
低情商的大仙 人气:0之前在Retrofit源码初探一文中我们提出了三个问题:
- 什么时候开始将注解中参数拼装成http请求的信息的?
- 如何产生发起http请求对象的?
- 如何将对象转换成我们在接口中指定的返回值的?
其中前两个问题在前几篇文章已经做了解答,今天我们探究下最后一个问题:
我们定义接口时,有这样的:
@GET("hello/world") Call<News> getNews(@Query("num") String num,@Query("page")String page);
也有这样的:
@GET("book/search") Observable<Book> getSearchBook(@Query("q") String name, @Query("tag") String tag, @Query("start") int start, @Query("count") int count);
可以看到接口的返回值是不一样的,现在我们就来分析下,一个OkHttpCall对象是如何转换成对应的返回值的。
核心代码是这句:
return serviceMethod.adapt(okHttpCall);
进到adapt中去:
T adapt(Call<R> call) { return callAdapter.adapt(call); }
可以看到是调用了callAdapter.adapt方法,此处的callAdapter是一个接口类型,所以想要看它的adapt方法的具体实现就得看这个callAdapter具体怎么生成的。
经过搜索,发现它的生成方式如下:
ServiceMethod(Builder<R, T> builder) { //……………… this.callAdapter = builder.callAdapter; //……………… }
而这个构造方法是在ServiceMethod.Builder的build方法中调用的:
public ServiceMethod build() { callAdapter = createCallAdapter(); //………… return new ServiceMethod<>(this); }
所以继续跟进createCallAdapter()中去:
private CallAdapter<T, R> createCallAdapter() { Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType(); if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) { throw methodError( "Method return type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", returnType); } if (returnType == void.class) { throw methodError("Service methods cannot return void."); } Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations(); try { //noinspection unchecked return (CallAdapter<T, R>) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations); } catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code. throw methodError(e, "Unable to create call adapter for %s", returnType); } }
可以看到,这里的主要作用就是获取方法级别的注解以及返回值,然后传入到retrofit.callAdapter中去获取正真的CallAdapter,所以继续跟到retrofit.callAdatper中去:
public CallAdapter<?, ?> callAdapter(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) { return nextCallAdapter(null, returnType, annotations); }
继续进到nextCallAdapter中:
public CallAdapter<?, ?> nextCallAdapter(@Nullable CallAdapter.Factory skipPast, Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) { checkNotNull(returnType, "returnType == null"); checkNotNull(annotations, "annotations == null"); int start = callAdapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1; for (int i = start, count = callAdapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) { CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = callAdapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this); if (adapter != null) { return adapter; } } //省略一些不重要代码 }
这里主要就是遍历Retrofit的所有CallAdapter,然后找到能够处理该返回类型以及方法注解的那个直接返回。
对于默认返回类型的处理CallAdapter,其实是在Retrofit生成时默认加上的:
public Retrofit build() { //省略部分代码 Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor; if (callbackExecutor == null) { callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor(); } // Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter. List<CallAdapter.Factory> callAdapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.callAdapterFactories); callAdapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)); //省略部分代码 return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, unmodifiableList(converterFactories), unmodifiableList(callAdapterFactories), callbackExecutor, validateEagerly); }
这里有一点要事先说下,所有的CalllAdapter对象其实都是通过CallAdapter.Factory对象调用get()方法生成的。
所以这里利用platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory()生成了一个对应的CallAdapter.Factory对象,但生成这个对象首先生成了一个callbackExecutor,我们先看下它是怎么回事:
@Nullable Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() { return null; }
咦,为什么是返回null的?别慌,Retrofit的build中的platform根据不同的情况会是不同的子类,并不一定是Platform的实例,而是它的子类:
static class Android extends Platform { @Override public Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() { return new MainThreadExecutor(); } @Override CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(@Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) { if (callbackExecutor == null) throw new AssertionError(); return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor); } static class MainThreadExecutor implements Executor { private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()); @Override public void execute(Runnable r) { handler.post(r); } } }
我们重点关注Android平台的,可以看到这里生成的callbackExecutor的execute()方法主要就是用来将操作发送到主线程执行。
ok,callbackExecutor我们弄清楚了,那么接下来我们继续看platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory()方法生成了什么样的CallAdapter.Factory对象:
CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(@Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) { if (callbackExecutor != null) { return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor); } return DefaultCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE; }
对于Android平台来说,我们之前生成了一个对应的callbackExecutor,所以我们继续跟进if中的语句,发现最终生成了一个ExecutorCallAdapterFactory()对象,当然,我们主要是看它的get()方法能得到什么样的CallAdapter对象:
@Override public CallAdapter<?, ?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) { if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) { return null; } final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType); return new CallAdapter<Object, Call<?>>() { @Override public Type responseType() { return responseType; } @Override public Call<Object> adapt(Call<Object> call) { return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, call); } }; }
这个get()方法生成了一个匿名的CallAdapter对象,所以:
serviceMethod.adapt(okHttpCall)最终就是调用这个匿名对象的adapt方法
可以看到adapt方法最终就是将OkHttpCall对象转换成了ExecutorCallbackCall对象。那这个对象能干什么?
static final class ExecutorCallbackCall<T> implements Call<T> { final Executor callbackExecutor; final Call<T> delegate; ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call<T> delegate) { this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor; this.delegate = delegate; } @Override public void enqueue(final Callback<T> callback) { checkNotNull(callback, "callback == null"); delegate.enqueue(new Callback<T>() { @Override public void onResponse(Call<T> call, final Response<T> response) { callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (delegate.isCanceled()) { // Emulate OkHttp's behavior of throwing/delivering an IOException on cancellation. callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException("Canceled")); } else { callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response); } } }); } @Override public void onFailure(Call<T> call, final Throwable t) { callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t); } }); } }); } @Override public boolean isExecuted() { return delegate.isExecuted(); } @Override public Response<T> execute() throws IOException { return delegate.execute(); } @Override public void cancel() { delegate.cancel(); } @Override public boolean isCanceled() { return delegate.isCanceled(); } @SuppressWarnings("CloneDoesntCallSuperClone") // Performing deep clone. @Override public Call<T> clone() { return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, delegate.clone()); } @Override public Request request() { return delegate.request(); } }
可以明显看到这个方法就是对OkHttpCall对象的一个包装,不同的是对它的enque()方法重写了,重写的目的很简单,就是为了将异步结果交给MainThreadExecutor,最终转换到主线程执行回调。
总结
上面源码分析了很多,有点杂乱,这里我们统一总结下OkHttpCall到接口定义的返回类型(这里以Call<ResponseBody>为例,)的转换过程:
- 通过platform(在Android平台上是它的子类Android) 生成一个Executor对象,在Android上就是MainThreadExecutor对象。
- 通过platform生成一个CallAdapterFactory对象,在Android上就是ExecutorCallAdapterFactory对象,该对象能通过get()方法生成一个CallAdapter对象,来将OkHttpCall对象转成ExecutorCallbackCall对象。
- 将上面提到的CallAdapterFactory对象塞到Retrofit对象中,最终在ServiceMethod的adapt()方法中调用,将OkHttpCall转成ExecutorCallback,然后就可以正常的调用enque()方法发起请求了。
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