Python拷贝/删除文件夹 Python实现拷贝/删除文件夹的方法详解
Hardy-Lee 人气:0本文实例讲述了Python实现拷贝 删除文件夹的方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
1. 拷贝文件夹
from shutil import copytree, ignore_patterns copytree(source, destination, ignore=ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*'))
注:shutil.copytree
实现
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None): names = os.listdir(src) if ignore is not None: ignored_names = ignore(src, names) else: ignored_names = set() os.makedirs(dst) errors = [] for name in names: if name in ignored_names: continue srcname = os.path.join(src, name) dstname = os.path.join(dst, name) try: if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname): linkto = os.readlink(srcname) os.symlink(linkto, dstname) elif os.path.isdir(srcname): copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore) else: copy2(srcname, dstname) # XXX What about devices, sockets etc.? except (IOError, os.error) as why: errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why))) # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can # continue with other files except Error as err: errors.extend(err.args[0]) try: copystat(src, dst) except WindowsError: # can't copy file access times on Windows pass except OSError as why: errors.extend((src, dst, str(why))) if errors: raise Error(errors)
2. 删除文件夹
#! /usr/bash/python # encoding:utf-8 import os import os.path import stat import shutil class DelDir: ''' 删除指定根目录下特定文件夹 ''' def __init__(self, root, dirname): self.root = root self.dirname = dirname def run(self): for r, dirs, files in os.walk(self.root): if self.dirname in dirs: srcDir = os.path.join(r, self.dirname) #更改权限(win7会出现权限问题) os.chmod(srcDir, stat.S_IREAD | stat.S_IWRITE) result = shutil.rmtree(srcDir, False, self.__handler) print "%s" %(srcDir) def __handler(self, function, path, excinfo): ''' 删除出错处理 ''' #更改权限(win7会出现权限问题) os.chmod(path, stat.S_IREAD | stat.S_IWRITE) function(path) print "[Handler] ==> Path:%s \n\tHandler the Error: %s" %(path, excinfo) if __name__ == '__main__': rootdir = r"E:\workspace\minioffice\mini-core\src\main\webapp" # 需要处理的文件夹 rootdir = unicode(rootdir, "utf8") dirname = ".svn" # 删除的文件夹 c = DelDir(rootdir, dirname) c.run()
Python实现文件夹递归拷贝
目标:
1.多层文件夹嵌套,在要备份的文件夹中嵌套多个文件夹
2.增量备份,因为文件较多,且之前已有部分备份,所以只需对新增的文件进行备份,提升效率
Python安装:
1.下载安装包,http://www.python.org/getit/,可以选择Python2或3,2的兼容性更好
2.添加Python安装目录如D:\Program\Python到环境变量Path中
编写脚本:
Python中自身有文件夹拷贝的API,但有诸多限制,不能满足需求,所以自己实现
要点有两个:
1.递归拷贝,因为有多层嵌套文件夹,所以用递归实现
2.错误处理,要考虑文件夹不存在的情况
脚本如下:
###################################################### -*- coding: GBK -*- # 文件自动备份脚本 # 作者:阿凡提 import os import shutil # 设置待备份的源文件夹及存放备份文件的目标文件夹 srcDir = "f:\\src" dstDir = "f:\\dst" # 目录递归拷贝函数 def dir_copyTree(src, dst): names = os.listdir(src) # 目标文件夹不存在,则新建 if not os.path.exists(dst): os.mkdir(dst) # 遍历源文件夹中的文件与文件夹 for name in names: srcname = os.path.join(src, name) dstname = os.path.join(dst, name) try: # 是文件夹则递归调用本拷贝函数,否则直接拷贝文件 if os.path.isdir(srcname): dir_copyTree(srcname, dstname) else: if (not os.path.exists(dstname) or ((os.path.exists(dstname)) and (os.path.getsize(dstname) != os.path.getsize(srcname)))): print dstname shutil.copy2(srcname, dst) except: error.traceback(); raise # 备份函数 def dir_backup(): global srcDir global dstDir print "源文件夹" + srcDir print "目标文件夹" + dstDir print "本次拷贝文件:" dir_copyTree(srcDir, dstDir) # 将此句注释则会一闪而过,方便自动备份 raw_input ("备份完成") # 执行备份函数 dir_backup() #####################################################
结合Windows的任务计划程序定时运行此脚本,即可实现自动备份的目的。
python 文件夹复制加强版
shutil模块主要用于文件夹的操作。其中copytree用来对文件夹进行复制,但是比较遗憾的是,如果目标文件已经存在的话,该函数就会报错抛异常了,非常地不给力。求人不如求已,看到帮助文档中有此方法的源码,就修改了一下,使其默认可以支持文件和文件夹的覆盖。
import os import os.path import shutil def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False): names = os.listdir(src) if not os.path.isdir(dst): os.makedirs(dst) errors = [] for name in names: srcname = os.path.join(src, name) dstname = os.path.join(dst, name) try: if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname): linkto = os.readlink(srcname) os.symlink(linkto, dstname) elif os.path.isdir(srcname): copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks) else: if os.path.isdir(dstname): os.rmdir(dstname) elif os.path.isfile(dstname): os.remove(dstname) shutil.copy2(srcname, dstname) # XXX What about devices, sockets etc.? except (IOError, os.error) as why: errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why))) # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can # continue with other files except OSError as err: errors.extend(err.args[0]) try: copystat(src, dst) except WindowsError: # can't copy file access times on Windows pass except OSError as why: errors.extend((src, dst, str(why))) if errors: raise Error(errors) if __name__ == '__main__': copytree('E:/book', 'E:/newbook')
希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。
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