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spring boot集成rabbitmq spring boot集成rabbitmq的实例教程

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一、RabbitMQ的介绍  

RabbitMQ是消息中间件的一种,消息中间件即分布式系统中完成消息的发送和接收的基础软件.这些软件有很多,包括ActiveMQ(apache公司的),RocketMQ(阿里巴巴公司的,现已经转让给apache).

消息中间件的工作过程可以用生产者消费者模型来表示.即,生产者不断的向消息队列发送信息,而消费者从消息队列中消费信息.具体过程如下:

从上图可看出,对于消息队列来说,生产者,消息队列,消费者是最重要的三个概念,生产者发消息到消息队列中去,消费者监听指定的消息队列,并且当消息队列收到消息之后,接收消息队列传来的消息,并且给予相应的处理.消息队列常用于分布式系统之间互相信息的传递.

对于RabbitMQ来说,除了这三个基本模块以外,还添加了一个模块,即交换机(Exchange).它使得生产者和消息队列之间产生了隔离,生产者将消息发送给交换机,而交换机则根据调度策略把相应的消息转发给对应的消息队列.那么RabitMQ的工作流程如下所示:

紧接着说一下交换机.交换机的主要作用是接收相应的消息并且绑定到指定的队列.交换机有四种类型,分别为Direct,topic,headers,Fanout.

Direct是RabbitMQ默认的交换机模式,也是最简单的模式.即创建消息队列的时候,指定一个BindingKey.当发送者发送消息的时候,指定对应的Key.当Key和消息队列的BindingKey一致的时候,消息将会被发送到该消息队列中.

topic转发信息主要是依据通配符,队列和交换机的绑定主要是依据一种模式(通配符+字符串),而当发送消息的时候,只有指定的Key和该模式相匹配的时候,消息才会被发送到该消息队列中.

headers也是根据一个规则进行匹配,在消息队列和交换机绑定的时候会指定一组键值对规则,而发送消息的时候也会指定一组键值对规则,当两组键值对规则相匹配的时候,消息会被发送到匹配的消息队列中.

Fanout是路由广播的形式,将会把消息发给绑定它的全部队列,即便设置了key,也会被忽略. 

概念:

模式:

1、direct

直连模式,用于实例间的任务分发

2、topic

话题模式,通过可配置的规则分发给绑定在该exchange上的队列

3、headers

适用规则复杂的分发,用headers里的参数表达规则

4、fanout

分发给所有绑定到该exchange上的队列,忽略routing key

安装

单机版安装很简单,大概步骤如下:

# 安装erlang包
 yum install erlang
# 安装socat
 yum install socat
# 安装rabbit 
 rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.6.6-1.el6.noarch.rpm 
# 启动服务
 rabbitmq-server start
# 增加管理控制功能
 rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
# 增加用户:
 sudo rabbitmqctl add_user root password
 rabbitmqctl set_user_tags root administrator 
 rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / root '.*' '.*' '.*'

集群安装,可参考这篇文章:

     rabbitmq集群安装

以上就是rabbitmq的介绍,下面开始本文的正文:spring boot 集成rabbitmq ,本人在学习rabbitmq时发现网上很少有系统性介绍springboot和rabbitmq如何集成的,其他人总结的都片段化,所以结合个人调研过程,整理此篇文章。

二、springboot配置

废话少说直接上代码:

配置参数

application.yml:

spring:
 rabbitmq:
 addresses: 192.168.1.1:5672
 username: username
 password: password
 publisher-confirms: true
 virtual-host: /

java config读取参数

/**
 * RabbitMq配置文件读取类
 *
 * @author chenhf
 * @create 2017-10-23 上午9:31
 **/
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.rabbitmq")
public class RabbitMqConfig {

 @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.addresses}")
 private String addresses;
 @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
 private String username;
 @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
 private String password;
 @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms}")
 private Boolean publisherConfirms;
 @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host}")
 private String virtualHost;

 // 构建mq实例工厂
 @Bean
 public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory(){
 CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
 connectionFactory.setAddresses(addresses);
 connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
 connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
 connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(publisherConfirms);
 connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost);
 return connectionFactory;
 }

 @Bean
 public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory){
 return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
 }

 @Bean
 @Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
 public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(){
 RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory());
 return template;
 }
}

三、rabbitmq生产者配置

主要配置了直连和话题模式,其中话题模式设置两个队列(queueTopicTest1、queueTopicTest2),此两个队列在和交换机绑定时分别设置不同的routingkey(.TEST.以及lazy.#)来验证匹配模式。

/**
 * 用于配置交换机和队列对应关系
 * 新增消息队列应该按照如下步骤
 * 1、增加queue bean,参见queueXXXX方法
 * 2、增加queue和exchange的binding
 * @author chenhf
 * @create 2017-10-23 上午10:33
 **/
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RabbitMqConfig.class)
public class RabbitMqExchangeConfig {
 /** logger */
 private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitMqExchangeConfig.class);

 /**
 * @Author:chenhf
 * @Description: 主题型交换机
 * @Date:下午5:49 2017/10/23
 * @param
 * @return
 */
 @Bean
 TopicExchange contractTopicExchangeDurable(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
 TopicExchange contractTopicExchange = new TopicExchange(RabbitMqEnum.Exchange.CONTRACT_TOPIC.getCode());
 rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(contractTopicExchange);
 logger.debug("完成主题型交换机bean实例化");
 return contractTopicExchange;
 }
 /**
 * 直连型交换机
 */
 @Bean
 DirectExchange contractDirectExchange(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin) {
 DirectExchange contractDirectExchange = new DirectExchange(RabbitMqEnum.Exchange.CONTRACT_DIRECT.getCode());
 rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(contractDirectExchange);
 logger.debug("完成直连型交换机bean实例化");
 return contractDirectExchange;
 }

 //在此可以定义队列

 @Bean
 Queue queueTest(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
 Queue queue = new Queue(RabbitMqEnum.QueueName.TESTQUEUE.getCode());
 rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(queue);
 logger.debug("测试队列实例化完成");
 return queue;
 }

 //topic 1
 @Bean
 Queue queueTopicTest1(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
 Queue queue = new Queue(RabbitMqEnum.QueueName.TOPICTEST1.getCode());
 rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(queue);
 logger.debug("话题测试队列1实例化完成");
 return queue;
 }
 //topic 2
 @Bean
 Queue queueTopicTest2(RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
 Queue queue = new Queue(RabbitMqEnum.QueueName.TOPICTEST2.getCode());
 rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(queue);
 logger.debug("话题测试队列2实例化完成");
 return queue;
 }


 //在此处完成队列和交换机绑定
 @Bean
 Binding bindingQueueTest(Queue queueTest,DirectExchange exchange,RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
 Binding binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queueTest).to(exchange).with(RabbitMqEnum.QueueEnum.TESTQUEUE.getCode());
 rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(binding);
 logger.debug("测试队列与直连型交换机绑定完成");
 return binding;
 }
 //topic binding1
 @Bean
 Binding bindingQueueTopicTest1(Queue queueTopicTest1,TopicExchange exchange,RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
 Binding binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queueTopicTest1).to(exchange).with(RabbitMqEnum.QueueEnum.TESTTOPICQUEUE1.getCode());
 rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(binding);
 logger.debug("测试队列与话题交换机1绑定完成");
 return binding;
 }

 //topic binding2
 @Bean
 Binding bindingQueueTopicTest2(Queue queueTopicTest2,TopicExchange exchange,RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin){
 Binding binding = BindingBuilder.bind(queueTopicTest2).to(exchange).with(RabbitMqEnum.QueueEnum.TESTTOPICQUEUE2.getCode());
 rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(binding);
 logger.debug("测试队列与话题交换机2绑定完成");
 return binding;
 }

}

在这里用到枚举类:RabbitMqEnum

/**
 * 定义rabbitMq需要的常量
 *
 * @author chenhf
 * @create 2017-10-23 下午4:07
 **/
public class RabbitMqEnum {

 /**
 * @param
 * @Author:chenhf
 * @Description:定义数据交换方式
 * @Date:下午4:08 2017/10/23
 * @return
 */
 public enum Exchange {
 CONTRACT_FANOUT("CONTRACT_FANOUT", "消息分发"),
 CONTRACT_TOPIC("CONTRACT_TOPIC", "消息订阅"),
 CONTRACT_DIRECT("CONTRACT_DIRECT", "点对点");

 private String code;
 private String name;

 Exchange(String code, String name) {
 this.code = code;
 this.name = name;
 }

 public String getCode() {
 return code;
 }

 public String getName() {
 return name;
 }
 }

 /**
 * describe: 定义队列名称
 * creat_user: chenhf
 * creat_date: 2017/10/31
 **/
 public enum QueueName {
 TESTQUEUE("TESTQUEUE", "测试队列"),
 TOPICTEST1("TOPICTEST1", "topic测试队列"),
 TOPICTEST2("TOPICTEST2", "topic测试队列");

 private String code;
 private String name;

 QueueName(String code, String name) {
 this.code = code;
 this.name = name;
 }

 public String getCode() {
 return code;
 }

 public String getName() {
 return name;
 }

 }

 /**
 * describe: 定义routing_key
 * creat_user: chenhf
 * creat_date: 2017/10/31
 **/
 public enum QueueEnum {
 TESTQUEUE("TESTQUEUE1", "测试队列key"),
 TESTTOPICQUEUE1("*.TEST.*", "topic测试队列key"),
 TESTTOPICQUEUE2("lazy.#", "topic测试队列key");


 private String code;
 private String name;

 QueueEnum(String code, String name) {
 this.code = code;
 this.name = name;
 }

 public String getCode() {
 return code;
 }

 public String getName() {
 return name;
 }
 }

}

以上完成消息生产者的定义,下面封装调用接口

测试时直接调用此工具类,testUser类需自己实现

rabbitMqSender.sendRabbitmqDirect("TESTQUEUE1",testUser);
rabbitMqSender.sendRabbitmqTopic("lazy.1.2",testUser);
rabbitMqSender.sendRabbitmqTopic("lazy.TEST.2",testUser);
/**
 * rabbitmq发送消息工具类
 *
 * @author chenhf
 * @create 2017-10-26 上午11:10
 **/

@Component
public class RabbitMqSender implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback{
 /** logger */
 private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitMqSender.class);

 private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

 @Autowired
 public RabbitMqSender(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
 this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
 this.rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
 }

 @Override
 public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean b, String s) {
 logger.info("confirm: " + correlationData.getId());
 }

 /**
 * 发送到 指定routekey的指定queue
 * @param routeKey
 * @param obj
 */
 public void sendRabbitmqDirect(String routeKey,Object obj) {
 CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
 logger.info("send: " + correlationData.getId());
 this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqEnum.Exchange.CONTRACT_DIRECT.getCode(), routeKey , obj, correlationData);
 }

 /**
 * 所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关心RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上
 * @param routeKey
 * @param obj
 */
 public void sendRabbitmqTopic(String routeKey,Object obj) {
 CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
 logger.info("send: " + correlationData.getId());
 this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqEnum.Exchange.CONTRACT_TOPIC.getCode(), routeKey , obj, correlationData);
 }
}

四、rabbitmq消费者配置

springboot注解方式监听队列,无法手动指定回调,所以采用了实现ChannelAwareMessageListener接口,重写onMessage来进行手动回调,详见以下代码,详细介绍可以在spring的官网上找amqp相关章节阅读

直连消费者

通过设置TestUser的name来测试回调,分别发两条消息,一条UserName为1,一条为2,查看控制台中队列中消息是否被消费

/**
 * 消费者配置
 *
 * @author chenhf
 * @create 2017-10-30 下午3:14
 **/
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RabbitMqConfig.class)
public class ExampleAmqpConfiguration {
 @Bean("testQueueContainer")
 public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
 SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
 container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
 container.setQueueNames("TESTQUEUE");
 container.setMessageListener(exampleListener());
 container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL);
 return container;
 }


 @Bean("testQueueListener")
 public ChannelAwareMessageListener exampleListener() {
 return new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
 @Override
 public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
 TestUser testUser = (TestUser) SerializeUtil.unserialize(message.getBody());
 //通过设置TestUser的name来测试回调,分别发两条消息,一条UserName为1,一条为2,查看控制台中队列中消息是否被消费
 if ("2".equals(testUser.getUserName())){
  System.out.println(testUser.toString());
  channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);
 }

 if ("1".equals(testUser.getUserName())){
  System.out.println(testUser.toString());
  channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,true);
 }

 }
 };
 }

}

topic消费者1

/**
 * 消费者配置
 *
 * @author chenhf
 * @create 2017-10-30 下午3:14
 **/
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RabbitMqConfig.class)
public class TopicAmqpConfiguration {
 @Bean("topicTest1Container")
 public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
 SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
 container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
 container.setQueueNames("TOPICTEST1");
 container.setMessageListener(exampleListener1());
 container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL);
 return container;
 }


 @Bean("topicTest1Listener")
 public ChannelAwareMessageListener exampleListener1(){
 return new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
 @Override
 public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
 TestUser testUser = (TestUser) SerializeUtil.unserialize(message.getBody());
 System.out.println("TOPICTEST1:"+testUser.toString());
 channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false);

 }
 };
 }




}

topic消费者2

/**
 * 消费者配置
 *
 * @author chenhf
 * @create 2017-10-30 下午3:14
 **/
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RabbitMqConfig.class)
public class TopicAmqpConfiguration2 {
 @Bean("topicTest2Container")
 public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
 SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
 container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
 container.setQueueNames("TOPICTEST2");
 container.setMessageListener(exampleListener());
 container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL);
 return container;
 }


 @Bean("topicTest2Listener")
 public ChannelAwareMessageListener exampleListener() {
 return new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
 @Override
 public void

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对的支持。

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