Android日期时间选择控件 Android之日期时间选择控件DatePicker和TimePicker实例
lindroid 人气:0这个月根据需求在项目中做了一个时间选择器,虽然没有用到Android原生的时间选择控件,但我羞愧地发现自己竟然从来没有用过这方面控件!趁现在有时间,赶紧查缺补漏,写一篇博客吧。
(注:为了便于区分,本文将选择年月日的控件称为日期选择控件,将选择时分的控件称为时间选择控件。)
1、创建项目
新建一个项目,MainActivity的布局如下:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:id="@+id/activity_main" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:padding="10dp" tools:context="com.lindroid.datetimepickerdemo.MainActivity"> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/ll_date" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="选择日期:" android:textSize="18sp" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_date" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="#ededed" android:padding="8dp" android:textSize="18sp" /> </LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/ll_time" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop="5dp" android:orientation="horizontal"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="选择时间:" android:textSize="18sp" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_time" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="#ededed" android:padding="8dp" android:textSize="18sp" /> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>
界面效果如下:
点击条目之后就会弹出日期或者时间选择控件,点击确定按钮后,就会将选择的结果显示在浅灰色的方框中。
2、初始化控件和创建相关变量
2.1 初始化控件
初始化控件,并为两个LinearLayout设置监听事件:
private void initView() { llDate = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_date); tvDate = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_date); llTime = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_time); tvTime = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_time); llDate.setOnClickListener(this); llTime.setOnClickListener(this); }
2.2 创建相关变量
使用Calendar类获取当前的日期时间。
private int year, month, day, hour, minute; private void initDateTime() { Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR); month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1; day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH); hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR); minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE); }
注意,calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH)
获取到的月份下标是从0开始的,值为0时表示一月份,1时表示二月份,以此类推,所以必须加上1。
创建两个StringBuffer变量,用于拼接获取到的时间数据。
private StringBuffer date, time;
3、日期选择控件DatePicker
这里我们选择自定义AlertDialog的形式来显示选择控件。
日期选择控件自定义布局dialog_date.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="center_horizontal" android:orientation="vertical"> <DatePicker android:id="@+id/datePicker" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:calendarViewShown="false" android:endYear="2027" android:startYear="2007" /> </LinearLayout>
只需放置一个DatePicker控件即可。不同版本的Android的DatePicker控件外观可能有所不同,比如Android4.4上是滚轮的形式,在7.0上则是一个日历视图。为了避免在4.4等低版本上显示出日历视图占用太多空间,可以将android:calendarViewShown
属性设为fasle。
继承接口DatePicker.OnDateChangedListener
,实现日期改变的监听方法:
@Override public void onDateChanged(DatePicker view, int year, int monthOfYear, int dayOfMonth) { this.year = year; this.month = monthOfYear; this.day = dayOfMonth; }
这样就可以获取到用户选择的年月日数值了。下面就是创建AlertDialog了:
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context); builder.setPositiveButton("设置", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { if (date.length() > 0) { //清除上次记录的日期 date.delete(0, date.length()); } tvDate.setText(date.append(String.valueOf(year)).append("年").append(String.valueOf(month)).append("月").append(day).append("日")); dialog.dismiss(); } }); builder.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { dialog.dismiss(); } }); final AlertDialog dialog = builder.create(); View dialogView = View.inflate(context, R.layout.dialog_date, null); final DatePicker datePicker = (DatePicker) dialogView.findViewById(R.id.datePicker); dialog.setTitle("设置日期"); dialog.setView(dialogView); dialog.show(); //初始化日期监听事件 datePicker.init(year, month - 1, day, this);
DatePicker需要调用init方法初始化,传入年月日数值和OnDateChangedListener对象。要记住我们前面在给month赋值时已经是对应的月份数值了,而这里需要的是下标值,所以要减1。
运行之后,效果如图所示:
4、时间选择控件TimePicker
这里我们同样需要一个自定义的AlertDialog布局:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="center" android:orientation="vertical"> <TimePicker android:id="@+id/timePicker" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></TimePicker> </LinearLayout>
同样,我们需要监听时和分的变化,所以继承TimePicker.OnTimeChangedListener接口,实现以下的方法:
@Override public void onTimeChanged(TimePicker view, int hourOfDay, int minute) { this.hour = hourOfDay; this.minute = minute; }
时间选择控件的初始化跟日期选择控件的有所不同,DatePicker一个init方法解决,但TimePicker的工作量稍大一点。看下面代码:
timePicker.setCurrentHour(hour); timePicker.setCurrentMinute(minute); timePicker.setIs24HourView(true); //设置24小时制 timePicker.setOnTimeChangedListener(this);
除了要设置当前要显示的时和分之外,还要设置是24小时制还是12小时制。
效果图如下:
5、完整的MainActivity代码
package com.lindroid.datetimepickerdemo; import android.app.AlertDialog; import android.content.Context; import android.content.DialogInterface; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.view.View; import android.widget.DatePicker; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.TimePicker; import java.util.Calendar; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener, DatePicker.OnDateChangedListener, TimePicker.OnTimeChangedListener { private Context context; private LinearLayout llDate, llTime; private TextView tvDate, tvTime; private int year, month, day, hour, minute; //在TextView上显示的字符 private StringBuffer date, time; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); context = this; date = new StringBuffer(); time = new StringBuffer(); initView(); initDateTime(); } /** * 初始化控件 */ private void initView() { llDate = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_date); tvDate = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_date); llTime = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll_time); tvTime = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_time); llDate.setOnClickListener(this); llTime.setOnClickListener(this); } /** * 获取当前的日期和时间 */ private void initDateTime() { Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR); month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1; day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH); hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR); minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.ll_date: AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context); builder.setPositiveButton("设置", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { if (date.length() > 0) { //清除上次记录的日期 date.delete(0, date.length()); } tvDate.setText(date.append(String.valueOf(year)).append("年").append(String.valueOf(month)).append("月").append(day).append("日")); dialog.dismiss(); } }); builder.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { dialog.dismiss(); } }); final AlertDialog dialog = builder.create(); View dialogView = View.inflate(context, R.layout.dialog_date, null); final DatePicker datePicker = (DatePicker) dialogView.findViewById(R.id.datePicker); dialog.setTitle("设置日期"); dialog.setView(dialogView); dialog.show(); //初始化日期监听事件 datePicker.init(year, month - 1, day, this); break; case R.id.ll_time: AlertDialog.Builder builder2 = new AlertDialog.Builder(context); builder2.setPositiveButton("设置", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { if (time.length() > 0) { //清除上次记录的日期 time.delete(0, time.length()); } tvTime.setText(time.append(String.valueOf(hour)).append("时").append(String.valueOf(minute)).append("分")); dialog.dismiss(); } }); builder2.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { dialog.dismiss(); } }); AlertDialog dialog2 = builder2.create(); View dialogView2 = View.inflate(context, R.layout.dialog_time, null); TimePicker timePicker = (TimePicker) dialogView2.findViewById(R.id.timePicker); timePicker.setCurrentHour(hour); timePicker.setCurrentMinute(minute); timePicker.setIs24HourView(true); //设置24小时制 timePicker.setOnTimeChangedListener(this); dialog2.setTitle("设置时间"); dialog2.setView(dialogView2); dialog2.show(); break; } } /** * 日期改变的监听事件 * * @param view * @param year * @param monthOfYear * @param dayOfMonth */ @Override public void onDateChanged(DatePicker view, int year, int monthOfYear, int dayOfMonth) { this.year = year; this.month = monthOfYear; this.day = dayOfMonth; } /** * 时间改变的监听事件 * * @param view * @param hourOfDay * @param minute */ @Override public void onTimeChanged(TimePicker view, int hourOfDay, int minute) { this.hour = hourOfDay; this.minute = minute; } }
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