C++操作符重载 C++ 开发之实现操作符重载的实例
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C++操作符重载
实现效果图：
实例代码：
Matrix.h
#pragma once
#include "vector"
#include "iostream"
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) //宏定义for循环，精简代码
using namespace std;
class Matrix
{
public:
//基本构造函数
Matrix(int Row=0, int Column=0);
//拷贝构造函数或者复制构造函数
Matrix(const Matrix& matrix);
//赋值操作符重载，必须为成员函数，不然会报错
Matrix& operator=(const Matrix& matrix);
//复合赋值操作符重载，建议重载为成员函数
Matrix& operator+=(const Matrix& matrix);
Matrix& operator*=(const Matrix& matrix);
Matrix& operator*=(const float& number);
Matrix& operator*=(const int& number);
Matrix& operator-=(const Matrix& matrix);
Matrix& operator/=(const float& number);
float& operator[](const size_t& index);
Matrix& operator++();//前缀式自增
Matrix& operator--();//前缀式自减
Matrix operator++(int); //后缀式自增
Matrix operator--(int); //后缀式自减
//算术和关系操作符一般为非成员函数，声明为友元
friend Matrix operator+(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2);
friend Matrix operator-(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2);
friend Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2);
friend Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const float& number);
friend Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const int& number);
friend bool operator==(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2);
friend bool operator!=(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2);
//输出操作符<<的重载,必须声明为友元
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Matrix&object);
//输入操作符>>重载，必须声明为友元
friend istream& operator >>(istream& in,Matrix&object);
void Display();
~Matrix();
public:
int Row;
int Column;
vector<vector<float> > data; //二维vector，用于存放矩阵类数据
};
Matrix.cpp
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Matrix.h"
#include "iomanip"
//构造函数
Matrix::Matrix(int Row/* =0 */, int Column/* =0 */){
this->Row = Row;
this->Column = Column;
data.resize(Row + 1); //申请行数为row+1，0号位不用
rep(i, Row)
data[i].resize(Column + 1); //申请各行的列数
rep(i, Row)
rep(j, Column)
data[i][j] = 0; //每个元素初始化为0，方便后面计算
}
//打印函数
void Matrix::Display(){
rep(i, Row)
{
rep(j, Column)
cout << setw(8) << data[i][j] << ' ';
cout <<endl;
}
}
//拷贝构造函数
Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix& matrix){
Row = matrix.Row;
Column = matrix.Column;
data.resize(Row+1); //申请行数为row，0号位不用
rep(i, Row)
data[i].resize(Column+1); //申请各行的列数
rep(i, Row)
rep(j, Column)
data[i][j] = matrix.data[i][j];
}
//赋值操作符重载
Matrix& Matrix::operator=(const Matrix& matrix){
if (this==&matrix)
{
return *this;
}
Row = matrix.Row;
Column = matrix.Column;
//分配资源
data.resize(Row + 1); //申请行数为row+1，0号位不用
rep(i, Row)
data[i].resize(Column + 1); //申请各行的列数
rep(i, Row)
rep(j, Column)
data[i][j] = matrix.data[i][j];
//返回本对象的引用
return *this;
}
//复合赋值操作符重载
Matrix& Matrix::operator+=(const Matrix& matrix){
if (Row == matrix.Row&&Column == matrix.Column)
{
rep(i, Row)
{
rep(j,Column)
{
data[i][j] += matrix.data[i][j];
}
}
}
return *this;
}
Matrix& Matrix::operator-=(const Matrix& matrix){
if (Row == matrix.Row&&Column == matrix.Column)
{
rep(i, Row)
{
rep(j, Column)
{
data[i][j] -= matrix.data[i][j];
}
}
}
return *this;
}
Matrix& Matrix::operator*=(const float& number){
rep(i, Row)
{
rep(j, Column)
{
data[i][j] = data[i][j] * number;
}
}
return *this;
}
Matrix& Matrix::operator*=(const int& number){
rep(i, Row)
{
rep(j, Column)
{
data[i][j] = data[i][j] * number;
}
}
return *this;
}
Matrix& Matrix::operator*=(const Matrix& matrix){
//先保存矩阵的值
Matrix temp(Row, Column);
rep(i, temp.Row)
{
rep(j, temp.Column)
{
temp.data[i][j] = data[i][j];
}
}
//改变矩阵的大小和值
Column = matrix.Column;
data.clear(); //清除数据
data.resize(Row+1); //申请行数为row+1，0号位不用
rep(i, Row)
data[i].resize(Column+1); //申请各行的列数
//重新给矩阵赋值
rep(i, temp.Row)
{
rep(j, matrix.Column)
{
double sum = 0;
rep(k, temp.Column)
sum += temp.data[i][k] * matrix.data[k][j];
data[i][j] = sum; //改变矩阵的值
}
}
return *this;
}
Matrix& Matrix::operator/=(const float& number){
rep(i, Row)
{
rep(j, Column)
{
data[i][j] = data[i][j] / number;
}
}
return *this;
}
//前缀式自增
Matrix& Matrix::operator++(){
//对每个元素都加1
rep(i, Row)
{
rep(j, Column)
{
data[i][j] +=1;
}
}
return *this;
}
//前缀式自减
Matrix& Matrix::operator--(){
//对每个元素都减1
rep(i, Row)
{
rep(j, Column)
{
data[i][j] -= 1;
}
}
return *this;
}
//后缀式自增
Matrix Matrix::operator++(int){
//拷贝构造函数
Matrix ret(*this);
//对每个元素都加1
rep(i, Row)
{
rep(j, Column)
{
data[i][j] += 1;
}
}
return ret;
}
//后缀式自减
Matrix Matrix::operator--(int){
//拷贝构造函数
Matrix ret(*this);
//对每个元素都减1
rep(i, Row)
{
rep(j, Column)
{
data[i][j] -= 1;
}
}
return ret;
}
//析构函数
Matrix::~Matrix()
{
data.clear();
}
//加法操作符重载
Matrix operator+(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2){
Matrix temp(matrix1.Row, matrix1.Column);
if (matrix1.Row == matrix2.Row&&matrix1.Column == matrix2.Column)
{
rep(i, matrix1.Row)
{
rep(j, matrix2.Column)
{
temp.data[i][j] = matrix1.data[i][j]+matrix2.data[i][j];
}
}
}
return temp;
}
//减法操作符重载
Matrix operator-(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2){
Matrix temp(matrix1.Row, matrix1.Column);
if (matrix1.Row == matrix2.Row&&matrix1.Column == matrix2.Column)
{
rep(i, matrix1.Row)
{
rep(j, matrix2.Column)
{
temp.data[i][j] = matrix1.data[i][j] - matrix2.data[i][j];
}
}
}
return temp;
}
//乘法操作符重载
Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2){
Matrix temp(matrix1.Row, matrix2.Column);
rep(i, temp.Row)
{
rep(j, temp.Column)
{
double sum = 0;
rep(k, matrix1.Column)
sum += matrix1.data[i][k] * matrix2.data[k][j];
temp.data[i][j] = sum;
}
}
return temp;
}
//乘法操作符重载
Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const float& number){
Matrix temp(matrix1.Row, matrix1.Column);
rep(i, temp.Row)
{
rep(j, temp.Column)
{
temp.data[i][j] = matrix1.data[i][j]* number;
}
}
return temp;
}
//乘法操作符重载
Matrix operator*(const Matrix& matrix1, const int& number){
Matrix temp(matrix1.Row, matrix1.Column);
rep(i, temp.Row)
{
rep(j, temp.Column)
{
temp.data[i][j] = matrix1.data[i][j] * number;
}
}
return temp;
}
//等于关系操作符重载
bool operator==(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2){
//只有维数相等才有可比性
if (matrix1.Row==matrix2.Row&&matrix1.Column==matrix2.Column)
{
rep(i, matrix1.Row)
{
rep(j, matrix1.Column)
{
if (matrix1.data[i][j]!=matrix2.data[i][j])
{
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
//不等于关系操作符重载
bool operator!=(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2){
//只有维数相等才有可比性
if (matrix1.Row == matrix2.Row&&matrix1.Column == matrix2.Column)
{
rep(i, matrix1.Row)
{
rep(j, matrix1.Column)
{
if (matrix1.data[i][j] != matrix2.data[i][j])
{
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
//输出操作符重载
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Matrix&object){
rep(i, object.Row)
{
rep(j, object.Column)
os << setw(8) << object.data[i][j] << ' ';
os <<endl;
}
return os;
}
//输入操作符重载
istream& operator >>(istream& in, Matrix&object){
rep(i, object.Row)
rep(j, object.Column)
in >> object.data[i][j];
return in;
}
main.c
#include "iostream"
#include "Matrix.h"
using namespace std;
int main(){
int row1, row2, col1, col2;
cout << "请输入第一个矩阵的行和列:\n";
cin >> row1 >> col1;
Matrix m1(row1, col1);
cout << "请输入" << row1 << '*' << col1 << "个数:\n";
cin >> m1;
cout << "输出矩阵的值:\n";
cout << m1;
cout << "请输入第二个矩阵的行和列:\n";
cin >> row2 >> col2;
Matrix m2(row2, col2);
cout << "请输入" << row2 << '*' << col2 << "个数:\n ";
cin >> m2;
cout << "输出矩阵的值:\n";
cout << m2;
if (col1 != row2)
cout << "这两个矩阵无法相乘\n";
else
{
cout << "判断矩阵m1与m2是否相等：\n";
if (m1==m2)
{
cout << "m1和m2相等：\n";
}
else
{
cout << "m1和m2不相等：\n";
}
cout << "m1拷贝构造m3矩阵结果输出：\n";
Matrix m3(m1);
cout << m3;
cout << "m1赋值重载m4矩阵结果输出：\n";
Matrix m4(m1.Row,m1.Column);
m4 = m1;
cout << m4;
cout << "m1*m2矩阵相乘输出m5：\n";
Matrix m5(m1.Row, m2.Column);
m5 = m1*m2;
cout << m5;
cout << "矩阵m1*2输出m6：\n";
Matrix m6(m1.Row, m1.Column);
m6 = m1*2;
cout << m6;
cout << "矩阵m1*0.5输出m7：\n";
Matrix m7(m1.Row, m1.Column);
m7 = m1 * 0.5;
cout << m7;
cout << "m1*m2矩阵相乘输出m1：\n";
m1 *= m2;
cout << m1;
cout << "m1矩阵前自增输出\n";
cout << ++m1;
cout << "m1矩阵后自增输出\n";
cout << m1++;
cout << "m1矩阵输出\n";
cout << m1;
cout << "m1矩阵前自减输出\n";
cout << --m1;
cout << "m1矩阵后自减输出\n";
cout << m1--;
cout << "m1矩阵输出\n";
cout << m1;
}
return 0;
}
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