Yii多表联合查询操作 Yii多表联合查询操作详解
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本文针对Yii多表联查进行汇总描述，供大家参考，具体内容如下
1、多表联查实现方法
有两种方式一种使用DAO写SQL语句实现，这种实现理解起来相对轻松，只要保证SQL语句不写错就行了。缺点也很明显，比较零散，而且不符合YII的推荐框架，最重要的缺点在于容易写错。
还有一种便是下面要说的使用YII自带的CActiveRecord实现多表联查
2、 整体框架
我们需要找到一个用户的好友关系，用户的信息放在用户表中，用户之间的关系放在关系表中，而关系的内容则放在关系类型表中。明显的我们只需要以关系表为主表联查其他两个表即可。我主要从代码的角度，分析下实现的过程。
3、CActiveRecord
我们首先需要对3张表建立相应的model，下面是关系表的代码
SocialRelation.php
<?php
/**
* This is the model class for table "{{social_relation}}".
*
* The followings are the available columns in table '{{social_relation}}':
* @property integer $relation_id
* @property integer $relation_type_id
* @property integer $user_id
* @property integer $another_user_id
*
* The followings are the available model relations:
* @property SocialRelationType $relationType
* @property AccessUser $user
* @property AccessUser $anotherUser
*/
class SocialRelation extends CActiveRecord
{
/**
* Returns the static model of the specified AR class.
* @param string $className active record class name.
* @return SocialRelation the static model class
*/
public static function model($className=__CLASS__)
{
return parent::model($className);
}
/**
* @return string the associated database table name
*/
public function tableName()
{
return '{{social_relation}}';
}
/**
* @return array validation rules for model attributes.
*/
public function rules()
{
// NOTE: you should only define rules for those attributes that
// will receive user inputs.
return array(
array('relation_type_id, user_id, another_user_id', 'numerical', 'integerOnly'=>true),
// The following rule is used by search().
// Please remove those attributes that should not be searched.
array('relation_id, relation_type_id, user_id, another_user_id', 'safe', 'on'=>'search'),
);
}
/**
* @return array relational rules.
*/
public function relations()
{
// NOTE: you may need to adjust the relation name and the related
// class name for the relations automatically generated below.
return array(
'relationType' => array(self::BELONGS_TO, 'SocialRelationType', 'relation_type_id'),
'user' => array(self::BELONGS_TO, 'AccessUser', 'user_id'),
'anotherUser' => array(self::BELONGS_TO, 'AccessUser', 'another_user_id'),
);
}
/**
* @return array customized attribute labels (name=>label)
*/
public function attributeLabels()
{
return array(
'relation_id' => 'Relation',
'relation_type_id' => 'Relation Type',
'relation_type_name' => 'Relation Name',
'user_id' => 'User ID',
'user_name' => 'User Name',
'another_user_id' => 'Another User',
'another_user_name' => 'Another User Name',
);
}
/**
* Retrieves a list of models based on the current search/filter conditions.
* @return CActiveDataProvider the data provider that can return the models based on the search/filter conditions.
*/
public function search()
{
// Warning: Please modify the following code to remove attributes that
// should not be searched.
$criteria=new CDbCriteria;
$criteria->compare('relation_id',$this->relation_id);
$criteria->compare('relation_type_id',$this->relation_type_id);
$criteria->compare('user_id',$this->user_id);
$criteria->compare('another_user_id',$this->another_user_id);
$criteria->with=array(
'relationType',
);
return new CActiveDataProvider($this, array(
'criteria'=>$criteria,
));
}
}
为了描述方便我们约定 主表为A表(执行查询的那个表)， 引用表为B表(外键所引用的表)
建议使用Gii自动生成模型，这样能够节省大量时间，为了测试方便，可以对主表生成CRUD，就是增删改查页面，其他的引用表只用生成model就行了。
1. model函数、tablename函数用于得到这个模型和得到数据库表基本信息。自动生成无需修改
2.rules函数，这个函数主要用于规定参数检验方式，注意即使有些参数不需要校验，也必须出现在rules中。不然模型将无法得到参数
3.relation函数，这个函数十分关键，用于定义表之间的关系，下面我将详细说明其中含义
'relationType' => array(self::BELONGS_TO, 'SocialRelationType', 'relation_type_id')
这句代码中结构如下
'VarName'=>array('RelationType', 'ClassName', 'ForeignKey', ...additional options)
VarName 是关系的名字，我们以后会用这个名字访问外键引用表的字段
RelationType是关系的类型，十分重要，如果设定错误会导致一些奇怪而且难以检查的错误，Yii一共提供了4种关系
BELONGS_TO（属于）: 如果表 A 和 B 之间的关系是一对多，则 表 B 属于 表 A
HAS_MANY（有多个）: 如果表 A 和 B 之间的关系是一对多，则 A 有多个 B
HAS_ONE（有一个）: 这是 HAS_MANY 的一个特例，A 最多有一个 B
MANY_MANY: 这个对应于数据库中的 多对多关系
ClassName是引用表名，就是外键所引用的表的名字，也就是B表表名
ForeignKey是外键名，主要这里填写的是外键在主表中的名字，也就是外键在A表中的表名，切记不要填错了
如果B表中是双主键可以采用下列方式实现，从软件工程的角度不推荐这样的做法，每个表最好使用独立无意义主键，不然容易出现各种问题，而且不方便管理
'categories'=>array(self::MANY_MANY, 'Category',
'tbl_post_category(post_id, category_id)'),
additional option 附加选项，很少用到
4 attributeLabels函数，这就是表属性的显示名称了，有点点像powerdesigner中code和name的关系前面一部分为数据库字段名，后面一部分为显示名称
5 search函数，用于生成表查询结果的函数，可以在此加一些限制条件，具体的使用方法就不在这里说明了，可以参考API中CDbCriteria的讲解。如果使用Gii生成那么不需要怎么修改。
同理我们生成，剩下的两个引用表
关系类型表：SocialRelationType.php
<?php
/**
* This is the model class for table "{{social_relation_type}}".
*
* The followings are the available columns in table '{{social_relation_type}}':
* @property integer $relation_type_id
* @property string $relation_type_name
*
* The followings are the available model relations:
* @property SocialRelation[] $socialRelations
*/
class SocialRelationType extends CActiveRecord
{
/**
* Returns the static model of the specified AR class.
* @param string $className active record class name.
* @return SocialRelationType the static model class
*/
public static function model($className=__CLASS__)
{
return parent::model($className);
}
/**
* @return string the associated database table name
*/
public function tableName()
{
return '{{social_relation_type}}';
}
/**
* @return array validation rules for model attributes.
*/
public function rules()
{
// NOTE: you should only define rules for those attributes that
// will receive user inputs.
return array(
array('relation_type_name', 'length', 'max'=>10),
// The following rule is used by search().
// Please remove those attributes that should not be searched.
array('relation_type_id, relation_type_name', 'safe', 'on'=>'search'),
);
}
/**
* @return array relational rules.
*/
public function relations()
{
// NOTE: you may need to adjust the relation name and the related
// class name for the relations automatically generated below.
return array(
'socialRelations' => array(self::HAS_MANY, 'SocialRelation', 'relation_type_id'),
);
}
/**
* @return array customized attribute labels (name=>label)
*/
public function attributeLabels()
{
return array(
'relation_type_id' => 'Relation Type',
'relation_type_name' => 'Relation Type Name',
);
}
/**
* Retrieves a list of models based on the current search/filter conditions.
* @return CActiveDataProvider the data provider that can return the models based on the search/filter conditions.
*/
public function search()
{
// Warning: Please modify the following code to remove attributes that
// should not be searched.
$criteria=new CDbCriteria;
$criteria->compare('relation_type_id',$this->relation_type_id);
$criteria->compare('relation_type_name',$this->relation_type_name,true);
return new CActiveDataProvider($this, array(
'criteria'=>$criteria,
));
}
}
用户表：AccessUser.php
<?php
/**
* This is the model class for table "{{access_user}}".
*
* The followings are the available columns in table '{{access_user}}':
* @property integer $id
* @property string $name
* @property string $password
* @property string $lastlogin
* @property string $salt
* @property string $email
* @property integer $status
*
* The followings are the available model relations:
* @property SocialRelation[] $socialRelations
* @property SocialRelation[] $socialRelations1
*/
class AccessUser extends CActiveRecord
{
/**
* Returns the static model of the specified AR class.
* @param string $className active record class name.
* @return AccessUser the static model class
*/
public static function model($className=__CLASS__)
{
return parent::model($className);
}
/**
* @return string the associated database table name
*/
public function tableName()
{
return '{{access_user}}';
}
/**
* @return array validation rules for model attributes.
*/
public function rules()
{
// NOTE: you should only define rules for those attributes that
// will receive user inputs.
return array(
array('status', 'numerical', 'integerOnly'=>true),
array('name, password, salt, email', 'length', 'max'=>255),
array('lastlogin', 'safe'),
// The following rule is used by search().
// Please remove those attributes that should not be searched.
array('id, name, password, lastlogin, salt, email, status', 'safe', 'on'=>'search'),
);
}
/**
* @return array relational rules.
*/
public function relations()
{
// NOTE: you may need to adjust the relation name and the related
// class name for the relations automatically generated below.
return array(
'user_name' => array(self::HAS_MANY, 'SocialRelation', 'user_id'),
'anotherUser_name' => array(self::HAS_MANY, 'SocialRelation', 'another_user_id'),
);
}
/**
* @return array customized attribute labels (name=>label)
*/
public function attributeLabels()
{
return array(
'id' => 'ID',
'name' => 'Name',
'password' => 'Password',
'lastlogin' => 'Lastlogin',
'salt' => 'Salt',
'email' => 'Email',
'status' => 'Status',
);
}
/**
* Retrieves a list of models based on the current search/filter conditions.
* @return CActiveDataProvider the data provider that can return the models based on the search/filter conditions.
*/
public function search()
{
// Warning: Please modify the following code to remove attributes that
// should not be searched.
$criteria=new CDbCriteria;
$criteria->compare('id',$this->id);
$criteria->compare('name',$this->name,true);
$criteria->compare('password',$this->password,true);
$criteria->compare('lastlogin',$this->lastlogin,true);
$criteria->compare('salt',$this->salt,true);
$criteria->compare('email',$this->email,true);
$criteria->compare('status',$this->status);
return new CActiveDataProvider($this, array(
'criteria'=>$criteria,
));
}
}
4、Controller
三张表介绍完了后，下面就应当介绍Controller了，同样的我们使用Gii生成主表（A表）的CRUD后就能得到controller，我们只需要对其进行一些修改即可，代码如下
SocialRelationController.php
<?php
class SocialRelationController extends Controller
{
/**
* @var string the default layout for the views. Defaults to '//layouts/column2', meaning
* using two-column layout. See 'protected/views/layouts/column2.php'.
*/
public $layout='//layouts/column2';
/**
* @return array action filters
*/
public function filters()
{
return array(
'accessControl', // perform access control for CRUD operations
'postOnly + delete', // we only allow deletion via POST request
);
}
/**
* Specifies the access control rules.
* This method is used by the 'accessControl' filter.
* @return array access control rules
*/
public function accessRules()
{
return array(
array('allow', // allow all users to perform 'index' and 'view' actions
'actions'=>array('index','view'),
'users'=>array('*'),
),
array('allow', // allow authenticated user to perform 'create' and 'update' actions
'actions'=>array('create','update'),
'users'=>array('@'),
),
array('allow', // allow admin user to perform 'admin' and 'delete' actions
'actions'=>array('admin','delete'),
'users'=>array('admin'),
),
array('deny', // deny all users
'users'=>array('*'),
),
);
}
/**
* Displays a particular model.
* @param integer $id the ID of the model to be displayed
*/
public function actionView($id)
{
$this->render('view',array(
'model'=>$this->loadModel($id),
));
}
/**
* Creates a new model.
* If creation is successful, the browser will be redirected to the 'view' page.
*/
public function actionCreate()
{
$model=new SocialRelation;
// Uncomment the following line if AJAX validation is needed
// $this->performAjaxValidation($model);
if(isset($_POST['SocialRelation']))
{
$model->attributes=$_POST['SocialRelation'];
if($model->save())
$this->redirect(array('view','id'=>$model->relation_id));
}
$this->render('create',array(
'model'=>$model,
));
}
/**
* Updates a particular model.
* If update is successful, the browser will be redirected to the 'view' page.
* @param integer $id the ID of the model to be updated
*/
public function actionUpdate($id)
{
$model=$this->loadModel($id);
// Uncomment the following line if AJAX validation is needed
// $this->performAjaxValidation($model);
if(isset($_POST['SocialRelation']))
{
$model->attributes=$_POST['SocialRelation'];
if($model->save())
$this->redirect(array('view','id'=>$model->relation_id));
}
$this->render('update',array(
'model'=>$model,
));
}
/**
* Deletes a particular model.
* If deletion is successful, the browser will be redirected to the 'admin' page.
* @param integer $id the ID of the model to be deleted
*/
public function actionDelete($id)
{
$this->loadModel($id)->delete();
// if AJAX request (triggered by deletion via admin grid view), we should not redirect the browser
if(!isset($_GET['ajax']))
$this->redirect(isset($_POST['returnUrl']) ? $_POST['returnUrl'] : array('admin'));
}
/**
* Lists all models.
*/
public function actionIndex()
{
if(Yii::app()->user->id != null){
$dataProvider=new CActiveDataProvider(
'SocialRelation',
array('criteria'=>array('condition'=>'user_id='.Yii::app()->user->id,
))
);
$this->render('index',array(
'dataProvider'=>$dataProvider,
));
}
}
/**
* Manages all models.
*/
public function actionAdmin()
{
$model=new SocialRelation('search');
$model->unsetAttributes(); // clear any default values
if(isset($_GET['SocialRelation']))
$model->attributes=$_GET['SocialRelation'];
$this->render('admin',array(
'model'=>$model,
));
}
/**
* Returns the data model based on the primary key given in the GET variable.
* If the data model is not found, an HTTP exception will be raised.
* @param integer $id the ID of the model to be loaded
* @return SocialRelation the loaded model
* @throws CHttpException
*/
public function loadModel($id)
{
$model=SocialRelation::model()->findByPk($id);
if($model===null)
throw new CHttpException(404,'The requested page does not exist.');
return $model;
}
/**
* Performs the AJAX validation.
* @param SocialRelation $model the model to be validated
*/
protected function performAjaxValidation($model)
{
if(isset($_POST['ajax']) && $_POST['ajax']==='social-relation-form')
{
echo CActiveForm::validate($model);
Yii::app()->end();
}
}
}
简单介绍下其中各个函数和变量
$layout 就是布局文件的位置了，布局文件如何使用，这里不做讨论
filters 定义过滤器，这里面水很深
accessRules 访问方式，就是那些用户能够访问到这个模块
array('allow', // allow all users to perform 'index' and 'view' actions
'actions'=>array('index','view'),
'users'=>array('*'),
),
allow 表示允许访问的规则如下，deny表示拒绝访问的规则如下。
action表示规定规则使用的动作
user表示规则适用的用户群组，*表示所有用户,@表示登录后的用户,admin表示管理员用户
actionXXX 各个action函数
这里值得注意的是 这个函数
public function actionIndex()
{
if(Yii::app()->user->id != null){
$dataProvider=new CActiveDataProvider(
'SocialRelation',
array('criteria'=>array('condition'=>'user_id='.Yii::app()->user->id,
))
);
$this->render('index',array(
'dataProvider'=>$dataProvider,
));
}
}
其中我们可以在dataProvider中设置相应的查询条件，注意这里设置是对于主表(A表)进行的，用的字段名也是主表中的，因为我们要显示的是当前用户的好友，于是，这里我们使用Yii::app()->user->id取得当前用户的id 。
loadModel 用于装载模型，这里我们可以看到findByPk查询了数据库。
performAjaxValidation 用于Ajax验证。
5、视图View
index.php
<?php
/* @var $this SocialRelationController */
/* @var $dataProvider CActiveDataProvider */
$this->breadcrumbs=array(
'Social Relations',
);
?>
<h1>Social Relations</h1>
<?php $this->widget('zii.widgets.CListView', array(
'dataProvider'=>$dataProvider,
'itemView'=>'_view',
)); ?>
我们使用一个 CListView控件进行显示，其中itemView为内容显示的具体表单，dataProvider这个是内容源，我们在controller中已经设定了。
_view.php
<?php
/* @var $this SocialRelationController */
/* @var $data SocialRelation */
?>
<div class="view">
<b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel('relation_id')); ?>:</b>
<?php echo CHtml::link(CHtml::encode($data->relation_id), array('view', 'id'=>$data->relation_id)); ?>
<br />
<b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel('relation_type_id')); ?>:</b>
<?php echo CHtml::encode($data->relation_type_id); ?>
<br />
<b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel('relation_type_name')); ?>:</b>
<?php
echo $data->relationType->relation_type_name;
?>
<br />
<b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel('user_id')); ?>:</b>
<?php echo CHtml::encode($data->user_id); ?>
<br />
<b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel('user_name')); ?>:</b>
<?php
echo $data->user->name;
?>
<br />
<b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel('another_user_id')); ?>:</b>
<?php echo CHtml::encode($data->another_user_id); ?>
<br />
<b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel('another_user_name')); ?>:</b>
<?php
echo $data->anotherUser->name;
?>
<br />
</div>
主要都是类似的，我们看其中的一条
复制代码 代码如下:
<b><?php echo CHtml::encode($data->getAttributeLabel('relation_type_name')); ?>:</b>
<?php echo $data->relationType->relation_type_name; ?>
<?php echo $data->relationType->relation_type_name; ?>
第一行为显示标签，在模型中我们设定的显示名就在这里体现出来
第二行为内容显示，这里的relationType是在模型中设置的关系名字，后面的relation_type_name是引用表的字段名(B表中的名字)
6、总结
通过上面的步骤，我们就实现了整个联合查询功能，效果图如下所示：
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