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.net core 身份验证 浅谈怎样在ASP.NET Core中实现一个基础的身份认证

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ASP.NET终于可以跨平台了，但是不是我们常用的ASP.NET, 而是叫一个ASP.NET Core的新平台，他可以跨Windows, Linux, OS X等平台来部署你的web应用程序，你可以理解为，这个框架就是ASP.NET的下一个版本，相对于传统ASP.NET程序，它还是有一些不同的地方的，比如很多类库在这两个平台之间是不通用的。

今天首先我们在ASP.NET Core中来实现一个基础的身份认证，既登陆功能。

前期准备：

1.推荐使用 VS 2015 Update3 作为你的IDE，下载地址：https://m.qb5200.com/www.qb5200.com/softjc/446184.html

2.你需要安装.NET Core的运行环境以及开发工具，这里提供VS版：https://m.qb5200.com/www.qb5200.com/softs/472362.html

创建项目：

在VS中新建项目，项目类型选择ASP.NET Core Web Application (.NET Core), 输入项目名称为TestBasicAuthor。

接下来选择 Web Application, 右侧身份认证选择：No Authentication

打开Startup.cs

在ConfigureServices方法中加入如下代码：

services.AddAuthorization();

在Configure方法中加入如下代码：

app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions 
{ 
  AuthenticationScheme = "Cookie", 
  LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"), 
  AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Account/Forbidden"), 
  AutomaticAuthenticate = true, 
  AutomaticChallenge = true 
});

完整的代码应该是这样：

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 
{ 
  services.AddMvc(); 
 
  services.AddAuthorization(); 
} 
 
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory) 
{ 
  app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions 
  { 
    AuthenticationScheme = "Cookie", 
    LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"), 
    AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Account/Forbidden"), 
    AutomaticAuthenticate = true, 
    AutomaticChallenge = true 
  }); 
 
  app.UseMvc(routes => 
  { 
    routes.MapRoute( 
       name: "default", 
       template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); 
  }); 
}

你或许会发现贴进去的代码是报错的，这是因为还没有引入对应的包，进入报错的这一行，点击灯泡，加载对应的包就可以了。

在项目下创建一个文件夹命名为Model，并向里面添加一个类User.cs

代码应该是这样

public class User
{
  public string UserName { get; set; }
  public string Password { get; set; }
}

创建一个控制器，取名为：AccountController.cs

在类中贴入如下代码：

[HttpGet] 
public IActionResult Login() 
{ 
  return View(); 
} 
 
[HttpPost] 
public async Task<IActionResult> Login(User userFromFore) 
{ 
  var userFromStorage = TestUserStorage.UserList 
    .FirstOrDefault(m => m.UserName == userFromFore.UserName && m.Password == userFromFore.Password); 
 
  if (userFromStorage != null) 
  { 
    //you can add all of ClaimTypes in this collection 
    var claims = new List<Claim>() 
    { 
      new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,userFromStorage.UserName) 
      //,new Claim(ClaimTypes.Email,"emailaccount@microsoft.com") 
    }; 
 
    //init the identity instances 
    var userPrincipal = new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "SuperSecureLogin")); 
 
    //signin 
    await HttpContext.Authentication.SignInAsync("Cookie", userPrincipal, new AuthenticationProperties 
    { 
      ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(20), 
      IsPersistent = false, 
      AllowRefresh = false 
    }); 
 
    return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home"); 
  } 
  else 
  { 
    ViewBag.ErrMsg = "UserName or Password is invalid"; 
 
    return View(); 
  } 
} 
 
public async Task<IActionResult> Logout() 
{ 
  await HttpContext.Authentication.SignOutAsync("Cookie"); 
 
  return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home"); 
}

相同的文件里让我们来添加一个模拟用户存储的类

//for simple, I'm not using the database to store the user data, just using a static class to replace it.
public static class TestUserStorage
{
  public static List<User> UserList { get; set; } = new List<User>() {
    new User { UserName = "User1",Password = "112233"}
  };
}

接下来修复好各种引用错误。

完整的代码应该是这样

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using TestBasicAuthor.Model;
using System.Security.Claims;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Authentication;

// For more information on enabling MVC for empty projects, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=397860

namespace TestBasicAuthor.Controllers
{
  public class AccountController : Controller
  {
    [HttpGet]
    public IActionResult Login()
    {
      return View();
    }

    [HttpPost]
    public async Task<IActionResult> Login(User userFromFore)
    {
      var userFromStorage = TestUserStorage.UserList
        .FirstOrDefault(m => m.UserName == userFromFore.UserName && m.Password == userFromFore.Password);

      if (userFromStorage != null)
      {
        //you can add all of ClaimTypes in this collection 
        var claims = new List<Claim>()
        {
          new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,userFromStorage.UserName) 
          //,new Claim(ClaimTypes.Email,"emailaccount@microsoft.com") 
        };

        //init the identity instances 
        var userPrincipal = new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "SuperSecureLogin"));

        //signin 
        await HttpContext.Authentication.SignInAsync("Cookie", userPrincipal, new AuthenticationProperties
        {
          ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(20),
          IsPersistent = false,
          AllowRefresh = false
        });

        return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
      }
      else
      {
        ViewBag.ErrMsg = "UserName or Password is invalid";

        return View();
      }
    }

    public async Task<IActionResult> Logout()
    {
      await HttpContext.Authentication.SignOutAsync("Cookie");

      return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
    }
  }

  //for simple, I'm not using the database to store the user data, just using a static class to replace it.
  public static class TestUserStorage
  {
    public static List<User> UserList { get; set; } = new List<User>() {
    new User { UserName = "User1",Password = "112233"}
  };
  }
}

在Views文件夹中创建一个Account文件夹，在Account文件夹中创建一个名位index.cshtml的View文件。

贴入如下代码：

@model TestBasicAuthor.Model.User

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
  <title></title>
</head>
<body>
  @using (Html.BeginForm())
  {
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td>@ViewBag.ErrMsg</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>UserName</td>
        <td>@Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.UserName)</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Password</td>
        <td>@Html.PasswordFor(m => m.Password)</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td><button>Login</button></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
  }
</body>
</html>

打开HomeController.cs

添加一个Action, AuthPage.

[Authorize]
[HttpGet]
public IActionResult AuthPage()
{
  return View();
}

在Views/Home下添加一个视图，名为AuthPage.cshtml

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
  <title></title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Auth page</h1>

  <p>if you are not authorized, you can't visit this page.</p>
</body>
</html>

到此，一个基础的身份认证就完成了，核心登陆方法如下：

await HttpContext.Authentication.SignInAsync("Cookie", userPrincipal, new AuthenticationProperties
{
  ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(20),
  IsPersistent = false,
  AllowRefresh = false
});

启用验证如下：

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
  app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions
  {
    AuthenticationScheme = "Cookie",
    LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"),
    AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Account/Forbidden"),
    AutomaticAuthenticate = true,
    AutomaticChallenge = true
  });
}

在某个Controller或Action添加[Author]，即可配置位需要登陆验证的页面。

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