PHP之预定义接口 PHP之预定义接口详解
奔跑的Man 人气:0在PHP中有好几个预定义的接口,比较常用的四个接口(IteratorAggregate(聚合式aggregate迭代器Iterator)、Countable、ArrayAccess、Iterator)分别给大家详细介绍下。
IteratorAggregate(聚合式aggregate迭代器Iterator)接口
IteratorAggregate extends Traversable {
abstract public Traversable getIterator(void)
}
这个接口实现了一个功能——创建外部迭代器,具体怎么理解呢,当我们使用foreach对对象进行便遍历的时候,如果没有继承IteratorAggregate接口,遍历的是对象中所有的public属性(只能是public $var这种形式)。要是继承了IteratorAggregate,会使用类中实现的getIterator方法返回的对象,这里要注意返回的一定要是一个Traversable对象或者扩展自Traversable的对象,否则会抛出异常
//看个例子 class My{ private $_data = [ 'a' => '燕睿涛', 'b' => 'yanruitao', 'c' => 'LULU', ]; public function getIterator() { return new ArrayIterator($this->_data); } } $obj = new My; foreach ($obj as $key => $value) { echo "$key => $value\n"; } //输出结果为空 class My implements IteratorAggregate { private $_data = [ 'a' => '燕睿涛', 'b' => 'yanruitao', 'c' => 'LULU', ]; public function getIterator() { return new ArrayIterator($this->_data); } } $obj = new My; foreach ($obj as $key => $value) { echo "$key => $value\n"; } //结果: a => 燕睿涛 b => yanruitao c => LULU
Countable接口
Countable {
abstract public int count(void)
}
这个接口用于统计对象的数量,具体怎么理解呢,当我们对一个对象调用count的时候,如果函数没有继承Countable将一直返回1,如果继承了Countable会返回所实现的count方法所返回的数字,看看下面的例子:
class CountMe { protected $_myCount = 3; public function count() { return $this->_myCount; } } $countable = new CountMe(); echo count($countable); //返回1 class CountMe implements Countable { protected $_myCount = 3; public function count() { return $this->_myCount; } } $countable = new CountMe(); echo count($countable); //返回3 ArrayAccess接口 ArrayAccess { abstract public boolean offsetExists(mixed $offset) abstract public mixed offsetGet(mixed $offset) public void offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value) public void offsetUnset(mixed $offset) } class CountMe { protected $_myCount = 3; public function count() { return $this->_myCount; } } $countable = new CountMe(); echo count($countable); //返回1 class CountMe implements Countable { protected $_myCount = 3; public function count() { return $this->_myCount; } } $countable = new CountMe(); echo count($countable); //返回3
ArrayAccess接口
ArrayAccess {
abstract public boolean offsetExists(mixed $offset)
abstract public mixed offsetGet(mixed $offset)
public void offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value)
public void offsetUnset(mixed $offset)
}
这个接口的作用是让我们可以像访问数组一样访问对象,这个怎么说好呢,我猜其实就是php在词法分析的时候如果碰到了数组的方式使用对象,就回去对象中查找是否有实现ArrayAccess如果有的话,进行对应的操作(set、unset、isset、get),这样我们就可以在类里面放置一个array,让类实现数组方式的基本操作,下面看个例子:
class myObj { } $obj = new myObj; $obj['name']; //Fatal error: Cannot use object of type myObj as array in class myObj implements ArrayAccess { public function offsetSet($offset, $value) { echo "offsetSet : {$offset} => {$value}\n"; } public function offsetExists($offset) { echo "offsetExists : {$offset}\n"; } public function offsetUnset($offset) { echo "offsetUnset : {$offset}\n"; } public function offsetGet($offset) { echo "offsetGet : {$offset}\n"; } } $obj = new myObj; $obj[1] = '燕睿涛'; isset($obj['name']); unset($obj['name']); $obj['yrt']; //输出结果: offsetSet : 1 => 燕睿涛 offsetExists : name offsetUnset : name offsetGet : yrt class myObj implements ArrayAccess { private $_data = []; public function offsetSet($offset, $value) { $this->_data[$offset] = $value; } public function offsetExists($offset) { return isset($this->_data[$offset]); } public function offsetUnset($offset) { unset($this->_data[$offset]); } public function offsetGet($offset) { return $this->_data[$offset]; } } $obj = new myObj; $obj['yrt'] = '燕睿涛'; var_dump($obj['yrt']); var_dump(isset($obj['yrt'])); unset($obj['yrt']); var_dump(isset($obj['yrt'])); var_dump($obj['yrt']); //输出: string(9) "燕睿涛" bool(true) bool(false) Notice: Undefined index: yrt //最后一个会报出Notice
上面的对象只能是基本的数组操作,连遍历都不行,结合之前的IteratorAggregate可以进行foreach:
class myObj implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate { private $_data = []; public function getIterator() { return new ArrayIterator($this->_data); } ...... } $obj = new myObj; $obj['yrt'] = '燕睿涛'; $obj[1] = '燕睿涛'; $obj['name'] = '燕睿涛'; $obj['age'] = 23; foreach ($obj as $key => $value) { echo "{$key} => {$value}\n"; } //输出: yrt => 燕睿涛 1 => 燕睿涛 name => 燕睿涛 age => 23
Iterator接口:
Iterator extends Traversable {
abstract public mixed current(void)
abstract public scalar key(void)
abstract public void next(void)
abstract public void rewind(void)
abstract public boolean valid(void)
}
可在内部迭代自己的外部迭代器或类的接口,这是官方文档给出的解释,看着还是不好理解,其实我感觉这个接口实现的功能和trratorAggregate(文档:创建外部迭代器接口,接口直接返回一个迭代器)类似,不过这个在类的定义里面自己实现了,看个例子:
class myObj implements Iterator{ private $_data = []; public function __construct(Array $arr) { $this->_data = $arr; } public function current() { return current($this->_data); } public function key() { return key($this->_data); } public function next() { next($this->_data); } public function rewind() { reset($this->_data); } public function valid() { return $this->key() !== NULL; } } $t = [ 'yrt' => '燕睿涛', 'name' => '燕睿涛', false, '燕睿涛' ]; $obj = new myObj($t); foreach ($obj as $key => $value) { echo "{$key} => ".var_export($value, true)."\n"; } //输出: yrt => '燕睿涛' name => '燕睿涛' 0 => false 1 => '燕睿涛'
上面这个参考了鸟哥的一篇文章关于一笔试题(Iterator模式),不过鸟哥的那个判断valid有点瑕疵,当碰到值北来就是false的时候就会截断
总结
说了这么多好像还是没有体会到他们的用处,建议看看Yii2的源码,源码里面大量使用了这些东西,看了之后,你会慢慢觉得“哦~好像还真是挺有用的。。。。”
以上就是本文全部介绍,希望大家喜欢。
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