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SpringBoot&Shiro实现权限管理

Slags 人气:2

SpringBoot&Shiro实现权限管理

引言

相信大家前来看这篇文章的时候,是有SpringBoot和Shiro基础的,所以本文只介绍整合的步骤,如果哪里写的不好,恳请大家能指出错误,谢谢!依赖以及一些配置文件请在源码里参考,请参见 https://github.com/Slags/springboot-learn/tree/master/1.springboot-shiro-authentication ,

个人博客:www.fqcoder.cn

一、数据库模板设计

在本文中,我们使用RBAC(Role-Based Access Control,基于角色的访问控制)模型设计用户,角色和权限间的关系。简单地说,一个用户拥有若干角色,每一个角色拥有若干权限。这样,就构造成“用户-角色-权限”的授权模型。在这种模型中,用户与角色之间,角色与权限之间,一般者是多对多的关系。如下图所示:

然后我们在来根据这个模型图,设计数据库表,记得自己添加一点测试数据哦

CREATE TABLE `tb_permission`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `url` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL,
  `name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

CREATE TABLE `tb_role`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '角色名称',
  `description` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '描述',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 3 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

CREATE TABLE `tb_role_permission`  (
  `role_id` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '角色id',
  `permission_id` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '权限id'
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

CREATE TABLE `tb_user`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL,
  `password` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL,
  `create_time` datetime(0) DEFAULT NULL,
  `status` int(10) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '状态',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 3 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

CREATE TABLE `tb_user_role`  (
  `role_id` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '角色id',
  `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户id'
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

二、Pojo设计

我们创建对应的类,笔者这里用了lombok插件,记得先安装插件

@Data
public class User implements Serializable {
    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Date createTime;
    private Integer status;
}

@Data
public class Role  implements Serializable {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String description;
}

@Data
public class Permission implements Serializable {
    private Integer id;
    private String url;
    private String name;
}

三、Dao层设计

因为我们只是做一个演示,只涉及到用户登录,用户角色、权限查找,并未实现过多方法

创建UserMapperRolePermissionMapperUserRoleMapper 三个接口

注意:记得在Mapper接口上面加一个扫描注解@Mapper或者在boot启动类上加一个@MapperScan(value = "mapper包路径")注解

public interface UserMapper {
    @Select("select * from tb_user where username=#{username}")
    User selectByName(String username);
}
--------------------------
    
public interface UserRoleMapper {
    /**
     *
     * 查询用户角色(可能一个用户有多个角色)
     * @param username
     * @return
     */
    @Select("select r.id,r.name,r.description from tb_role r " +
            "left join tb_user_role ur on(r.id = ur.role_id)" +
            "left join tb_user u on(u.id=ur.user_id)" +
            "where u.username =#{username}")
    List<Role> findByUserName(String username);
}

------------------------------------------------
public interface RolePermissionMapper {
    /**
     * 通过角色id查询权限
     * @param roleId
     * @return
     */
    @Select("select p.id,p.url,p.name from tb_permission p " +
            "left join tb_role_permission rp on(p.id=rp.permission_id)" +
            "left join tb_role r on(r.id=rp.role_id)" +
            "where r.id=#{roleId}")
    List<Permission> findByRoleId(Integer roleId);
}

四、Shiro整合实现思路

好了,前面的一些东西,都是可以算是准备工作,现在才是真正开始整合Shiro了,我们先来屡一下思路,实现认证权限功能主要可以归纳为3点:

1.定义一个ShiroConfig配置类,配置 SecurityManager Bean , SecurityManager为Shiro的安全管理器,管理着所有Subject;

2.在ShiroConfig中配置 ShiroFilterFactoryBean ,它是Shiro过滤器工厂类,依赖SecurityManager ;

3.自定义Realm实现类,包含 doGetAuthorizationInfo()doGetAuthenticationInfo()方法 ,

五、定义ShiroConfig配置类

/**
 * @ClassName ShiroConfig
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author fqCoder
 * @Date 2020/2/29 3:08
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {

    /**
     * 这是shiro的大管家,相当于mybatis里的SqlSessionFactoryBean
     * @param securityManager
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager securityManager) {
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        //登录
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login");
        //首页
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSuccessUrl("/index");
        //错误页面,认证不通过跳转
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/403");
        //页面权限控制
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(ShiroFilterMapFactory.shiroFilterMap());
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
    }

    /**
     * web应用管理配置
     * @param shiroRealm
     * @param cacheManager
     * @param manager
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager(Realm shiroRealm, CacheManager cacheManager, RememberMeManager manager) {
        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        securityManager.setCacheManager(cacheManager);
        securityManager.setRememberMeManager(manager);//记住Cookie
        securityManager.setRealm(shiroRealm);
        securityManager.setSessionManager(sessionManager());
        return securityManager;
    }
    /**
     * session过期控制
     * @return
     * @author fuce
     * @Date 2019年11月2日 下午12:49:49
     */
    @Bean
    public DefaultWebSessionManager sessionManager() {
        DefaultWebSessionManager defaultWebSessionManager=new DefaultWebSessionManager();
        // 设置session过期时间3600s
        Long timeout=60L*1000*60;//毫秒级别
        defaultWebSessionManager.setGlobalSessionTimeout(timeout);
        return defaultWebSessionManager;
    }
    /**
     * 加密算法
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public HashedCredentialsMatcher hashedCredentialsMatcher() {
        HashedCredentialsMatcher hashedCredentialsMatcher = new HashedCredentialsMatcher();
        hashedCredentialsMatcher.setHashAlgorithmName("MD5");//采用MD5 进行加密
        hashedCredentialsMatcher.setHashIterations(1);//加密次数
        return hashedCredentialsMatcher;
    }

    /**
     * 记住我的配置
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public RememberMeManager rememberMeManager() {
        Cookie cookie = new SimpleCookie("rememberMe");
        cookie.setHttpOnly(true);//通过js脚本将无法读取到cookie信息
        cookie.setMaxAge(60 * 60 * 24);//cookie保存一天
        CookieRememberMeManager manager=new CookieRememberMeManager();
        manager.setCookie(cookie);
        return manager;
    }
    /**
     * 缓存配置
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public CacheManager cacheManager() {
        MemoryConstrainedCacheManager cacheManager=new MemoryConstrainedCacheManager();//使用内存缓存
        return cacheManager;
    }

    /**
     * 配置realm,用于认证和授权
     * @param hashedCredentialsMatcher
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public AuthorizingRealm shiroRealm(HashedCredentialsMatcher hashedCredentialsMatcher) {
        MyShiroRealm shiroRealm = new MyShiroRealm();
        //校验密码用到的算法
//        shiroRealm.setCredentialsMatcher(hashedCredentialsMatcher);
        return shiroRealm;
    }

    /**
     * 启用shiro方言,这样能在页面上使用shiro标签
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public ShiroDialect shiroDialect() {
        return new ShiroDialect();
    }

    /**
     * 启用shiro注解
     *加入注解的使用,不加入这个注解不生效
     */
    @Bean
    public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor getAuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor(org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager securityManager) {
        AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor advisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor();
        advisor.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        return advisor;
    }

    @Bean
    public DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator advisorAutoProxyCreator(){
        DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator advisorAutoProxyCreator = new DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator();
        advisorAutoProxyCreator.setProxyTargetClass(true);
        return advisorAutoProxyCreator;
    }
    
}

注意:(当时笔者遇到的一个小问题,贴出来给大家涨姿势)

注解无效,登录时不会执行验证角色和权限的方法,只会执行登录验证方法,遂查询资料,得知shiro在subject.login(token)方法时不会执行doGetAuthorizationInfo方法,只有在访问到有权限验证的接口时会调用查看权限,于是猜想注解无效,发现shiro的权限注解需要开启才能有用,添加在配置文件中加入advisorAutoProxyCreatorgetAuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor两个bean开启shiro注解,解决问题。

六.创建ShiroFilterMapFactory类

注意:

1.这里要用LinkedHashMap 保证有序

2.filterChain基于短路机制,即最先匹配原则,

3.像anon、authc等都是Shiro为我们实现的过滤器,我给出了一张表,在文章尾附录,自行查看

/**
 * @ClassName ShiroFilterMapFactory
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author fqCoder
 * @Date 2020/2/29 3:09
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class ShiroFilterMapFactory {

    public static Map<String, String> shiroFilterMap() {
//      设置路径映射,注意这里要用LinkedHashMap 保证有序
        LinkedHashMap<String, String> filterChainDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        //对所有用户认证
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/static/**", "anon");
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/login", "anon");
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/logout", "logout");
        //对所有页面进行认证
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/**", "authc");
        return filterChainDefinitionMap;
    }
}

配置完了ShiroConfig后,实现自己的Realm,然后注入到SecurityManager里

七、实现自定义Realm类

自定义Realm类需要继承 AuthorizingRealm 类,实现 doGetAuthorizationInfo()和doGetAuthenticationInfo()方法即可 ,

doGetAuthorizationInfo() 方法是进行授权的方法,获取角色的权限信息

doGetAuthenticationInfo()方法是进行用户认证的方法,验证用户名和密码

/**
 * @ClassName MyShiroRealm
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author fqCoder
 * @Date 2020/2/29 3:08
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Service
public class MyShiroRealm  extends AuthorizingRealm {
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;
    @Autowired
    private UserRoleMapper userRoleMapper;
    @Autowired
    private RolePermissionMapper rolePermissionMapper;

    /**
     * 获取用户角色和权限
     * @param principal
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principal) {
        if(principal == null){
            throw new AuthorizationException("principals should not be null");
        }
        User userInfo= (User) SecurityUtils.getSubject().getPrincipal();
        System.out.println("用户-->"+userInfo.getUsername()+"获取权限中");
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo simpleAuthorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();

        //用户获取角色集
        List<Role> roleList=userRoleMapper.findByUserName(userInfo.getUsername());
        Set<String> roleSet=new HashSet<>();
        for (Role r:roleList){
            Integer roleId=r.getId();//获取角色id
            simpleAuthorizationInfo.addRole(r.getName());//添加角色名字
            List<Permission> permissionList=rolePermissionMapper.findByRoleId(roleId);
            for (Permission p:permissionList){
                //添加权限
                simpleAuthorizationInfo.addStringPermission(p.getName());
            }
        }

        System.out.println("角色为-> " + simpleAuthorizationInfo.getRoles());
        System.out.println("权限为-> " + simpleAuthorizationInfo.getStringPermissions());
        return simpleAuthorizationInfo;
    }

    /**
     * 登录认证
     * @param token
     * @return
     * @throws AuthenticationException
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {

        //获取用户输入的用户名密码
        String username= (String) token.getPrincipal();
        String password=new String((char[])token.getCredentials());

        System.out.println("用户输入--->username:"+username+"-->password:"+password);

        //在数据库中查询
        User userInfo=userMapper.selectByName(username);
        if (userInfo == null) {
            throw new UnknownAccountException("用户名或密码错误!");
        }
        if (!password.equals(userInfo.getPassword())) {
            throw new IncorrectCredentialsException("用户名或密码错误!");
        }
        SimpleAuthenticationInfo authenticationInfo = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(
                userInfo, // 用户名
                userInfo.getPassword(), // 密码
                getName() // realm name
        );
        return authenticationInfo;
    }
}

其中UnknownAccountException等异常为Shiro自带异常,Shiro具有丰富的运行时AuthenticationException层次结构,可以准确指出尝试失败的原因。

八、控制层设计

1.创建一个LoginController.class类

用来处理登录访问请求

/**
 * @ClassName LoginController
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author fqCoder
 * @Date 2020/2/29 6:06
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Controller
public class LoginController {

    @GetMapping("/login")
    public  String login(){
        return "login";
    }

    @GetMapping("/")
    public String home(){
        return "redirect:/index";
    }

    @GetMapping("/index")
    public String index(Model model){
        User user= (User) SecurityUtils.getSubject().getPrincipal();
        model.addAttribute("user",user);
        return "index";
    }

    @PostMapping("login")
    @ResponseBody
    public AjaxResult login(User user,Boolean rememberMe){
        System.out.println("user = " + user);
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword());
        //获取Subject 对象
        Subject subject= SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        try {
            if (rememberMe){
                token.setRememberMe(true);
            }
            subject.login(token);
            return AjaxResult.success("/index");
        } catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
            return AjaxResult.error(e.getMessage());
        } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
            return AjaxResult.error(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    @GetMapping("/403")
    public String forbid(){
        return "403";
    }
}

2.创建一个UserController.class类

用于处理User类的访问请求,并使用Shiro权限注解控制权限:

/**
 * @ClassName UserController
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author fqCoder
 * @Date 2020/3/3 15:14
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequiresPermissions("user:queryAll")
    @GetMapping("/queryAll")
    public String queryAll(){

        //只演示框架...功能不实现
        return "查询列表";
    }

    @RequiresPermissions("user:add")
    @GetMapping("/add")
    public String userAdd(){
        return "添加用户";
    }

    @RequiresPermissions("user:delete")
    @GetMapping("https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/delete")
    public String userDelete(){
        return "删除用户";
    }
}

九、前端页面设计

1.编写login.html页面

这里我只贴重要代码,具体的代码,到这里找哦!

<form id="loginForm">
    <input type="text" id="username" name="username" class="text"  />
    <input type="password" id="password" name="password"  />
</form>
<div class="signin">
    <input id="loginBut" type="button" value="Login" >
</div>

-------js代码----
<script type="text/javascript">
    $.fn.serializeObject = function () {
        var o = {};
        var a = this.serializeArray();
        $.each(a, function () {
            if (o[this.name]) {
                if (!o[this.name].push) {
                    o[this.name] = [o[this.name]];
                }
                o[this.name].push(this.value);
            } else {
                o[this.name] = this.value || '';
            }
        });
        return o;
    };

    $(function () {
        $("#loginBut").click(function () {
            var  arr=$('#loginForm').serializeObject();
            $.ajax({
                url: '/login',
                type: 'post',
                data:  arr,
                dataType: "json",
                success: function (data) {
                    if (data.code==200){
                        location.href=data.msg;
                    } else {
                        alert(data.msg);
                    }
                },
                error: function (data) {
                    alert(data.msg);
                }
            })
        });
    });
</script>

当用户登录进来的时候调到index.html

2.编写index.html页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>番茄欢迎您!</h1>
登录用户:【[[${user.username}]]】
<a th:href="@{/logout}">注销</a>


<h2>权限测试</h2>
<a th:href="@{/user/queryAll}">获取用户全部信息</a>
<a th:href="@{/user/add}">添加用户</a>
<a th:href="@{/userhttps://img.qb5200.com/download-x/delete}">删除用户</a>
</body>
</html>

3.编写403页面

比较简单,此处能用就行

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>403</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>403权限不够</h1>
<a href="/index">首页</a>
</body>
</html>

十、测试&问题

启动项目:访问http://localhost:8080/,它会自动拦截,页面重定向到 http://localhost:8080/login ,登录成功跳转到http://localhost:8080/index

问题:

登录测试用户的时候,访问没有权限的链接请求时,后台抛出org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationException: Not authorized to invoke method异常

当时以为在ShiroConfig配置类中配置了shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/403");

没有权限的请求会自动从定向到/403,然后却是抛出了异常,后来在一篇文章中看到了,说这个设置只对filterChain起作用 ,针对这个问题,我们可以定义一个全局异常捕获类:

@ControllerAdvice
@Order(value = Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(value = AuthorizationException.class)
    public String handleAuthorizationException() {
        return "403";
    }
}

然后再启动项目,登录测试账号,访问没有权限的请求,页面成功定向到/403

源码链接: https://github.com/Slags/springboot-learn/tree/master/1.springboot-shiro-authentication

至此,笔者刚开始写,不是写的很好,欢迎各位网友踊跃指出不足,谢谢!

附录:

1.Shiro拦截机制表

Filter Name Class Description
anon org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.AnonymousFilter 匿名拦截器,即不需要登录即可访问;一般用于静态资源过滤;示例/static/**=anon
authc org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.FormAuthenticationFilter 基于表单的拦截器;如/**=authc,如果没有登录会跳到相应的登录页面登录
authcBasic org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter Basic HTTP身份验证拦截器
logout org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.LogoutFilter 退出拦截器,主要属性:redirectUrl:退出成功后重定向的地址(/),示例/logout=logout
noSessionCreation org.apache.shiro.web.filter.session.NoSessionCreationFilter 不创建会话拦截器,调用subject.getSession(false)不会有什么问题,但是如果subject.getSession(true)将抛出DisabledSessionException异常
perms org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.PermissionsAuthorizationFilter 权限授权拦截器,验证用户是否拥有所有权限;属性和roles一样;示例/user/**=perms["user:create"]
port org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.PortFilter 端口拦截器,主要属性port(80):可以通过的端口;示例/test= port[80],如果用户访问该页面是非80,将自动将请求端口改为80并重定向到该80端口,其他路径/参数等都一样
rest org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.HttpMethodPermissionFilter rest风格拦截器,自动根据请求方法构建权限字符串;示例/users=rest[user],会自动拼出user:read,user:create,user:update,user:delete权限字符串进行权限匹配(所有都得匹配,isPermittedAll)
roles org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.RolesAuthorizationFilter 角色授权拦截器,验证用户是否拥有所有角色;示例/admin/**=roles[admin]
ssl org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.SslFilter SSL拦截器,只有请求协议是https才能通过;否则自动跳转会https端口443;其他和port拦截器一样;
user org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.UserFilter 用户拦截器,用户已经身份验证/记住我登录的都可;示例/**=user

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