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Spring配置文件 Spring基于注解读取外部配置文件

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一、使用注解@PropertySource

指定路径

使用 @PropertySource 指定配置文件路径,支持 properties 和 XML 的配置文件,但不支持 yml。

属性赋值

可以用注解 @Value 对属性直接赋值、${}获取配置文件的值、SPEL表达式#{}。

例子

config.properties内容

ps.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
ps.datasource.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring?useTimezone=true&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&tcpRcvBuf=1024000&useOldAliasMetadataBehavior=true&useSSL=false&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&useAffectedRows=true
ps.datasource.username=root
ps.datasource.password=root
ps.datasource.minIdle=1
ps.datasource.maxPoolSize=10
ps.datasource.connectionTimeout=3000
ps.datasource.idleTimeout=300000

配置类

/**
 * 使用@PropertySource指定具体的配置文件,用@Value设置具体的属性值, 不支持yml
 */
@Component
@PropertySource("classpath:config.properties")
public class DbProperties {

  @Value("${ps.datasource.driverClassName}")
  private String driverClassName;
  @Value("${ps.datasource.jdbcUrl}")
  private String jdbcUrl;
  @Value("${ps.datasource.username}")
  private String username;
  @Value("${ps.datasource.password}")
  private String password;
  @Value("${ps.datasource.minIdle}")
  private int minIdle;
  @Value("${ps.datasource.maxPoolSize}")
  private int maxPoolSize;
  @Value("${ps.datasource.connectionTimeout}")
  private int connectionTimeout;
  @Value("${ps.datasource.idleTimeout}")
  private int idleTimeout;

  public String getDriverClassName() {
    return driverClassName;
  }

  public void setDriverClassName(String driverClassName) {
    this.driverClassName = driverClassName;
  }

  public String getJdbcUrl() {
    return jdbcUrl;
  }

  public void setJdbcUrl(String jdbcUrl) {
    this.jdbcUrl = jdbcUrl;
  }

  public String getUsername() {
    return username;
  }

  public void setUsername(String username) {
    this.username = username;
  }

  public String getPassword() {
    return password;
  }

  public void setPassword(String password) {
    this.password = password;
  }

  public int getMinIdle() {
    return minIdle;
  }

  public void setMinIdle(int minIdle) {
    this.minIdle = minIdle;
  }

  public int getMaxPoolSize() {
    return maxPoolSize;
  }

  public void setMaxPoolSize(int maxPoolSize) {
    this.maxPoolSize = maxPoolSize;
  }

  public int getConnectionTimeout() {
    return connectionTimeout;
  }

  public void setConnectionTimeout(int connectionTimeout) {
    this.connectionTimeout = connectionTimeout;
  }

  public int getIdleTimeout() {
    return idleTimeout;
  }

  public void setIdleTimeout(int idleTimeout) {
    this.idleTimeout = idleTimeout;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "DbProperties{" +
        "driverClassName='" + driverClassName + '\'' +
        ", jdbcUrl='" + jdbcUrl + '\'' +
        ", username='" + username + '\'' +
        ", password='" + password + '\'' +
        ", minIdle=" + minIdle +
        ", maxPoolSize=" + maxPoolSize +
        ", connectionTimeout=" + connectionTimeout +
        ", idleTimeout=" + idleTimeout +
        '}';
  }
}

二、使用Environment

/**
 * Environment可以获取classpath下配置的属性值,无需指定具体的配置文件。 不支持yml
 */
@Component
public class UserProperties {

  @Autowired
  private Environment env;

  public String getUserName() {
    return env.getProperty("user.name");
  }

  public String getPassword() {
    return env.getProperty("user.password");
  }
}

三、使用PropertiesLoaderUtils

try {
      Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadAllProperties("config.properties");
      System.out.println(properties.getProperty("user.name"));
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }

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