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C#9 模式匹配 C#9新特性之增强的模式匹配

WeihanLi 人气:0

Intro

C# 9 中进一步增强了模式匹配的用法,使得模式匹配更为强大,我们一起来了解一下吧

Sample

C# 9 中增强了模式匹配的用法,增加了 and / or / not 操作符,而且可以直接判断属性,来看一下下面的这个示例:

var person = new Person();

// or
// string.IsNullOrEmpty(person.Description)
if (person.Description is null or { Length: 0 })
{
  Console.WriteLine($"{nameof(person.Description)} is IsNullOrEmpty");
}

// and
// !string.IsNullOrEmpty(person.Name)
if (person.Name is not null and { Length: > 0 })
{
  if (person.Name[0] is (>= 'a' and <= 'z') or (>= 'A' and <= 'Z') or '.')
  {
  }
}

// not
if (person.Name is not null)
{
}

这里的代码使用 DnSpy 反编译之后的代码是下面这样的:

Person person = new Person();
string text = person.Description;
bool flag = text == null || text.Length == 0;
if (flag)
{
  Console.WriteLine("Description is IsNullOrEmpty");
}
text = person.Name;
bool flag2 = text != null && text.Length > 0;
if (flag2)
{
  char c = person.Name[0];
  if (c >= 'a')
  {
    if (c > 'z')
    {
      goto IL_8B;
    }
  }
  else if (c >= 'A')
  {
    if (c > 'Z')
    {
      goto IL_8B;
    }
  }
  else if (c != ',' && c != '.')
  {
    goto IL_8B;
  }
  bool flag3 = true;
  goto IL_8E;
  IL_8B:
  flag3 = false;
  IL_8E:
  bool flag4 = flag3;
  if (flag4)
  {
  }
}
bool flag5 = person.Name != null;
if (flag5)
{
}

Switch

这不仅适用于 is 也可以在 switch 中使用

switch (person.Age)
{
  case >= 0 and <= 3:
    Console.WriteLine("baby");
    break;

  case > 3 and < 14:
    Console.WriteLine("child");
    break;

  case > 14 and < 22:
    Console.WriteLine("youth");
    break;

  case > 22 and < 60:
    Console.WriteLine("Adult");
    break;

  case >= 60 and <= 500:
    Console.WriteLine("Old man");
    break;

  case > 500:
    Console.WriteLine("monster");
    break;
}

反编译后的代码:

int age = person.Age;
int num = age;
if (num < 22)
{
  if (num < 14)
  {
    if (num >= 0)
    {
      if (num > 3)
      {
        Console.WriteLine("child");
      }
      else
      {
        Console.WriteLine("baby");
      }
    }
  }
  else if (num > 14)
  {
    Console.WriteLine("youth");
  }
}
else if (num < 60)
{
  if (num > 22)
  {
    Console.WriteLine("Adult");
  }
}
else if (num > 500)
{
  Console.WriteLine("monster");
}
else
{
  Console.WriteLine("Old man");
}

More

可以看到有些情况下可以简化不少代码,尤其是 if 分支比较多的情况下使用上面 switch 这样的写法会清晰很多

但是如果只是 string.IsNullOrEmpty 这种代码最好还是不要写得这么骚了,小心要被同事吐槽了

炫技需谨慎,小心被 ...

Reference

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-9
https://github.com/WeihanLi/SamplesInPractice/tree/master/CSharp9Sample
https://github.com/WeihanLi/SamplesInPractice/blob/master/CSharp9Sample/PatternMatchingSample.cs

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