static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
　　　　　// hash 值
        final int hash;
        final K key;
        V value;
　　　　　// 指向下一个节点
        Node<K,V> next;

        Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
            this.hash = hash;
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
            this.next = next;
        }

        public final K getKey()        { return key; }
        public final V getValue()      { return value; }
        public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }
　　　　 // 返回：key的hashCode值和value的hashCode值进行异或运算结果
        public final int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
        }

        public final V setValue(V newValue) {
            V oldValue = value;
            value = newValue;
            return oldValue;
        }

　　　　 // 判断相等的依据是，要么是同一个 Node 对象，要么是Map.Entry的一个实例，并且键键、值值都相等就返回True
　　　　 public final boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (o == this)
                return true;
            if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
                Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
                if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
                    Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    }

    public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
         implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable {

　　// Object   
　　protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        if (!(this instanceof Cloneable)) {
            throw new CloneNotSupportedException("Class " + getClass().getName() +
                                                 " doesn't implement Cloneable");
        }
        return internalClone();
    }

    // 1 默认的构造函数
    public HashMap() {
        this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted
    }

    // 2 传入一个Map集合,将Map集合中元素Map.Entry全部添加进HashMap实例中
    public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
        this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
        putMapEntries(m, false);
    }

    // 3 指定容量大小
    public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
        this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
    }

    // 4 指定容量大小和负载因子大小
    public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        //指定的容量大小不可以小于0,否则将抛出IllegalArgumentException异常
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
                                               initialCapacity);
        // 判定指定的容量大小是否大于HashMap的容量极限
        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
        // 指定的负载因子不可以小于0或为Null，若判定成立则抛出IllegalArgumentException异常
        if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
                     loadFactor);

        this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
        // 设置“HashMap阈值”，当HashMap中存储数据的数量达到threshold时，就需要将HashMap的容量加倍。
        this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
    }

static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) {
        int n = cap - 1;
        n |= n >>> 1;
        n |= n >>> 2;
        n |= n >>> 4;
        n |= n >>> 8;
        n |= n >>> 16;
        return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
    }

n |= n >>> 1;

n |= n >>> 2;

n |= n >>> 4;

static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;

/**
 * 当桶数组容量小于该值时，优先进行扩容，而不是树化
 */
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;

static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> {
    TreeNode<K,V> parent;  // red-black tree links
    TreeNode<K,V> left;
    TreeNode<K,V> right;
    TreeNode<K,V> prev;    // needed to unlink next upon deletion
    boolean red;
    TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
        super(hash, key, val, next);
    }
}

/**
 * 将普通节点链表转换成树形节点链表
 */
final void treeifyBin(Node<K,V>[] tab, int hash) {
    int n, index; Node<K,V> e;
    // 桶数组容量小于 MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY，优先进行扩容而不是树化
    if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) < MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY)
        resize();
    else if ((e = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
        // hd 为头节点（head），tl 为尾节点（tail）
        TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
        do {
            // 将普通节点替换成树形节点
            TreeNode<K,V> p = replacementTreeNode(e, null);
            if (tl == null)
                hd = p;
            else {
                p.prev = tl;
                tl.next = p;
            }
            tl = p;
        } while ((e = e.next) != null);  // 将普通链表转成由树形节点链表
        if ((tab[index] = hd) != null)
            // 将树形链表转换成红黑树
            hd.treeify(tab);
    }
}

TreeNode<K,V> replacementTreeNode(Node<K,V> p, Node<K,V> next) {
    return new TreeNode<>(p.hash, p.key, p.value, next);
}

// 红黑树转链表阈值
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;

final void split(HashMap<K,V> map, Node<K,V>[] tab, int index, int bit) {
    TreeNode<K,V> b = this;
    // Relink into lo and hi lists, preserving order
    TreeNode<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
    TreeNode<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
    int lc = 0, hc = 0;
    /* 
     * 红黑树节点仍然保留了 next 引用，故仍可以按链表方式遍历红黑树。
     * 下面的循环是对红黑树节点进行分组，与上面类似
     */
    for (TreeNode<K,V> e = b, next; e != null; e = next) {
        next = (TreeNode<K,V>)e.next;
        e.next = null;
        if ((e.hash & bit) == 0) {
            if ((e.prev = loTail) == null)
                loHead = e;
            else
                loTail.next = e;
            loTail = e;
            ++lc;
        }
        else {
            if ((e.prev = hiTail) == null)
                hiHead = e;
            else
                hiTail.next = e;
            hiTail = e;
            ++hc;
        }
    }

    if (loHead != null) {
        // 如果 loHead 不为空，且链表长度小于等于 6，则将红黑树转成链表
        if (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
            tab[index] = loHead.untreeify(map);
        else {
            tab[index] = loHead;
            /* 
             * hiHead == null 时，表明扩容后，
             * 所有节点仍在原位置，树结构不变，无需重新树化
             */
            if (hiHead != null) 
                loHead.treeify(tab);
        }
    }
    // 与上面类似
    if (hiHead != null) {
        if (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
            tab[index + bit] = hiHead.untreeify(map);
        else {
            tab[index + bit] = hiHead;
            if (loHead != null)
                hiHead.treeify(tab);
        }
    }
}

final Node<K,V> untreeify(HashMap<K,V> map) {
    Node<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
    // 遍历 TreeNode 链表，并用 Node 替换
    for (Node<K,V> q = this; q != null; q = q.next) {
        // 替换节点类型
        Node<K,V> p = map.replacementNode(q, null);
        if (tl == null)
            hd = p;
        else
            tl.next = p;
        tl = p;
    }
    return hd;
}

Node<K,V> replacementNode(Node<K,V> p, Node<K,V> next) {
    return new Node<>(p.hash, p.key, p.value, next);
}

  //这里直接调用getNode函数实现方法
  public V get(Object key) {
        Node<K,V> e;
        //经过hash函数运算 获取key的hash值
        return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
    }
   
   final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
        Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
        //判定三个条件 table不为Null & table的长度大于0 & table指定的索引值不为Null
        if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
            (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
            //判定 匹配hash值 & 匹配key值 成功则返回 该值
            if (first.hash == hash && 
                ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                return first;
             //若 first节点的下一个节点不为Null
            if ((e = first.next) != null) {
                if (first instanceof TreeNode) //若first的类型为TreeNode 红黑树
                    //通过红黑树查找匹配值 并返回
                    return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key); 
                //若上面判定不成功 则认为下一个节点为单向链表,通过循环匹配值
                do {
                    if (e.hash == hash &&
                        ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                       //匹配成功后返回该值
                        return e;
                } while ((e = e.next) != null);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

public V remove(Object key) {
    Node<K,V> e;
    return (e = removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true)) == null ?
        null : e.value;
}

final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value,
                           boolean matchValue, boolean movable) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, index;
    if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
        // 1. 定位桶位置
        (p = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
        Node<K,V> node = null, e; K k; V v;
        // 如果键的值与链表第一个节点相等，则将 node 指向该节点
        if (p.hash == hash &&
            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            node = p;
        else if ((e = p.next) != null) {  
            // 如果是 TreeNode 类型，调用红黑树的查找逻辑定位待删除节点
            if (p instanceof TreeNode)
                node = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).getTreeNode(hash, key);
            else {
                // 2. 遍历链表，找到待删除节点
                do {
                    if (e.hash == hash &&
                        ((k = e.key) == key ||
                         (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
                        node = e;
                        break;
                    }
                    p = e;
                } while ((e = e.next) != null);
            }
        }
        
        // 3. 到这里，已经找到了，删除节点，并修复链表或红黑树
        if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value ||
                             (value != null && value.equals(v)))) {
            if (node instanceof TreeNode)
                ((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable);
            else if (node == p)
                tab[index] = node.next;
            else
                p.next = node.next;
            ++modCount;
            --size;
            afterNodeRemoval(node);
            return node;
        }
    }
　　 // 找不到，或者没有数据，返回 null
    return null;
}