利用JaCoCo统计接口测试中代码覆盖率

时间:2019-11-17 北漂的雷子人气:9

做接口测试，很多时候都会听到，你接口测试的覆盖率是多少？很多人会回答80%，你怎么统计的，他说覆盖了80%的需求。这个回答没有错误，但是片面，我们不能只考虑需求的覆盖率，还有业务的覆盖率，场景的覆盖率，接口的覆盖率，代码的覆盖率等，本文介绍接口测试的代码覆盖率。那么我们来看看如何是实现的。

1、环境的搭建

1.1搭建 ant 环境

https://ant.apache.org/bindownload.cgi

我下载的是1.10.7版本，这个是因为每个版本对应的java的版本不一样，这个在ant的官网有介绍，下载的zip包，然后解压，然后去配置环境变量，我用的是mac配置的，打开：vi .bash_profile

export ANT_HOME=/Users/lileilei/Downloads/apache-ant-1.10.7

export PATH=$PATH:.:${ANT_HOME}/bin

配置完毕后source .bash_profile 立即生效

到这里，我们已经设置好了我们的ant的环境。

1.2 下载JaCoCo。

下载地址：https://www.jacoco.org/jacoco/

下载完毕后，解压即可。

以上搭建了所需的环境。

2.ant的build文件配置

通过build.xml拉去覆盖率，具体配置文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example.plan</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot<https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.2</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>

        <!-- swagger2 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.2</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <!-- 解决FluentIterable.class找不到问题 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>26.0-jre</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.inject</groupId>
            <artifactId>guice</artifactId>
            <version>3.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
            <version>3.10.0</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.querydsl</groupId>
            <artifactId>querydsl-apt</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.evosuite</groupId>
            <artifactId>evosuite-standalone-runtime</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.6</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.2</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.2.Final</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.2.Final</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                    <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                    <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.3</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.offbytwo.jenkins</groupId>
            <artifactId>jenkins-client</artifactId>
            <version>0.3.8</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.6</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.5</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.spockframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spock-core</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
            <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>7.0.0</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependency>

    <https://img.qb5200.com/download-x/dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <warName>plan</warName>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.evosuite.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>evosuite-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.0.6</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

这是完整的配置文件，我在配置的地方加好注释，大家可以根据自己的需求进行设置。

然后去启动要测试的待测服务，这里我是用的jar 启动的服务，启动方式。

java -javaagent:/Users/lileilei/Downloads/jacoco-0.8.5/lib/jacocoagent.jar=dumponexit=true,destfile=jacoco.exe -jar demo-2.0.6.RELEASE.jar

这里需要javaagent，这里是jacoco的agent，需要替换成自己的路径就可以。

启动完成后，就可以开始进行测试了，

我使用的swgger2，进行了简单的接口测试，后获取覆盖率。

在build.xml目录，使用ant获取jacoco.exe然后用 ant report产生测试报告

打开测试报告，

这样，我们就获取到了接口测试的全量代码的覆盖率。我们可以打开获取每个类，每个函数的覆盖率。

其实在真正的覆盖率，我们还需要考虑增量代码覆盖率。这里简单的对全量代码的覆盖率做介绍。抛砖引玉，大家可以继续探索。

这里给大家提供了一种接口测试的覆盖率的统计方式。当然了还有其他方式，大家可以根据自己的需求进行去探索。

需要明确，提供合理方案。

方案合理，解决合理需求。

控制合理，合理控制时间。

思路清晰，善于解决问题。

思路方案，取决于实践中。

大量锻炼，才能思维敏捷。

闭门造车，僵化思路难成。

点滴积累，成就美好明天。

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