Docker中MySQL容器的创建和连接教程
人气:0创建MySQL容器
本文是以Dockerfile方式创建一个mysql容器，也可以使用docker commit 以提交镜像的方式创建，但是对于别人来说不知道你容器里修改了哪些地方 所以推荐使用Dockerfile方式。
服务的管理使用的是supervisord, 因为dockerfile里只会有一个cmd生效,如果我想通过ssh去管理容器还要有mysql服务的启动起来 cmd的方式就无法实现，当然容器不需要以sshd的方式去管理，这些也都是看自己怎么去使用，比如说我想备份容器里的数据 我完全可以使用 –volumes-from <容器name> , 重启使用 docker restart <容器id>, 我个人也是使用ssh习惯了 所以依赖的镜像把ssh服务栽进去了。
# docker 版本：
[root@private_network mysql]# docker version
Client version: 1.6.0-rc5
Client API version: 1.18
Go version (client): go1.4.2
Git commit (client): fc4825d
OS/Arch (client): linux/amd64
Server version: 1.6.0-rc5
Server API version: 1.18
Go version (server): go1.4.2
Git commit (server): fc4825d
OS/Arch (server): linux/amd64[/code]
# 目录结构
mysql/
|-- cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz
|-- create_mysql_user.sh # mysql用户初始化脚本
|-- Dockerfile
|-- install_mysql-5.6.24.sh # mysql服务安装脚本
|-- my.cnf # mysql服务配置文件
|-- mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz
`-- supervisord.conf # 服务管理工具配置文件
|-- cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz
|-- create_mysql_user.sh # mysql用户初始化脚本
|-- Dockerfile
|-- install_mysql-5.6.24.sh # mysql服务安装脚本
|-- my.cnf # mysql服务配置文件
|-- mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz
`-- supervisord.conf # 服务管理工具配置文件
# Dockerfile
# FROM: 依赖的镜像
FROM ted1993/mysql:5.6.24
＃MAINTAINER: 个人信息
MAINTAINER xuqiangqiang "739827282@qq.com"
＃ RUN: 执行命令
RUN yum -y install tar gcc-c++ supervisor ncurses-devel libtool bison bison-devel pwgen
RUN mkdir -p /var/log/supervisor
＃ ADD: 添加本地文件到容器中，如果是压缩包会在目标目录进行自动解压，如果只想添加文件可以使用 COPY命令
ADD ./supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf
ADD ./cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz /root/tools/
ADD ./mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz /root/tools/
ADD ./install_mysql-5.6.24.sh /root/tools/
ADD ./create_mysql_user.sh /create_mysql_user.sh
# WORKDIR: 当前的工作目录
WORKDIR /root/tools/
RUN sh install_mysql-5.6.24.sh
ADD ./my.cnf /data/server/mysql-5.6.24/etc/my.cnf
RUN rm -rf /root/tools/mysql-5.6.24
RUN rm -rf /root/tools/mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz
RUN rm -rf /root/tools/cmake-3.2.2
RUN rm -rf /root/tools/cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz
# EXPOSE: 公开的端口，会暴露在外的端口
EXPOSE 22 3306
# CMD: 容器启动执行的命令 一个dockerfile只有一个cmd生效。
CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord"]
FROM ted1993/mysql:5.6.24
＃MAINTAINER: 个人信息
MAINTAINER xuqiangqiang "739827282@qq.com"
＃ RUN: 执行命令
RUN yum -y install tar gcc-c++ supervisor ncurses-devel libtool bison bison-devel pwgen
RUN mkdir -p /var/log/supervisor
＃ ADD: 添加本地文件到容器中，如果是压缩包会在目标目录进行自动解压，如果只想添加文件可以使用 COPY命令
ADD ./supervisord.conf /etc/supervisord.conf
ADD ./cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz /root/tools/
ADD ./mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz /root/tools/
ADD ./install_mysql-5.6.24.sh /root/tools/
ADD ./create_mysql_user.sh /create_mysql_user.sh
# WORKDIR: 当前的工作目录
WORKDIR /root/tools/
RUN sh install_mysql-5.6.24.sh
ADD ./my.cnf /data/server/mysql-5.6.24/etc/my.cnf
RUN rm -rf /root/tools/mysql-5.6.24
RUN rm -rf /root/tools/mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz
RUN rm -rf /root/tools/cmake-3.2.2
RUN rm -rf /root/tools/cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz
# EXPOSE: 公开的端口，会暴露在外的端口
EXPOSE 22 3306
# CMD: 容器启动执行的命令 一个dockerfile只有一个cmd生效。
CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord"]
＃ supervisord.conf 服务管理工具通过supervisord管理服务
[supervisord]
nodaemon=true
[program:mysqld]
command=/etc/init.d/mysqld start
numprocs=1
autostart=true
autorestart=true
[program:sshd]
command=/usr/sbin/sshd -D
numprocs=1
autostart=true
autorestart=true
nodaemon=true
[program:mysqld]
command=/etc/init.d/mysqld start
numprocs=1
autostart=true
autorestart=true
[program:sshd]
command=/usr/sbin/sshd -D
numprocs=1
autostart=true
autorestart=true
# install_mysql-5.6.24.sh
#!/bin/bash
grep "^mysql:" /etc/passwd &> /dev/null || groupadd mysql && useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
if [ ! -d cmake-3.2.2 ];then
tar xzvf cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz
fi
cd cmake-3.2.2
./bootstrap && gmake && gmake install && cd ..
if [ ! -d mysql-5.6.24 ];then
tar xzf mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz
fi
cd mysql-5.6.24
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/server/mysql-5.6.24 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql-5.6.24/ \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/data/server/mysql-5.6.24/etc/ \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=complex \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_unicode_ci \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0
CPU_NUM=$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l)
if [ $CPU_NUM -gt 1 ];then
make -j$CPU_NUM
else
make
fi
make install
echo "PATH=\$PATH:/data/server/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile && . /etc/profile
ln -s /data/server/mysql-5.6.24/ /data/server/mysql
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
mkdir -p /data/server/mysql-5.6.24/etc/
mkdir -p /data/server/mysql/data/
mkdir -p /data/log/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/server/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/server/mysql/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/log/mysql
\cp -f /data/server/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
sed -i 's#^basedir=$#basedir=/data/server/mysql#' /etc/init.d/mysqld
sed -i 's#^datadir=$#datadir=/data/server/mysql/data#' /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
/data/server/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/server/mysql/data/ --basedir=/data/server/mysql --user=mysql
grep "^mysql:" /etc/passwd &> /dev/null || groupadd mysql && useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
if [ ! -d cmake-3.2.2 ];then
tar xzvf cmake-3.2.2.tar.gz
fi
cd cmake-3.2.2
./bootstrap && gmake && gmake install && cd ..
if [ ! -d mysql-5.6.24 ];then
tar xzf mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz
fi
cd mysql-5.6.24
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/server/mysql-5.6.24 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql-5.6.24/ \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/data/server/mysql-5.6.24/etc/ \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=complex \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_unicode_ci \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0
CPU_NUM=$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep processor | wc -l)
if [ $CPU_NUM -gt 1 ];then
make -j$CPU_NUM
else
make
fi
make install
echo "PATH=\$PATH:/data/server/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile && . /etc/profile
ln -s /data/server/mysql-5.6.24/ /data/server/mysql
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
mkdir -p /data/server/mysql-5.6.24/etc/
mkdir -p /data/server/mysql/data/
mkdir -p /data/log/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/server/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/server/mysql/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/log/mysql
\cp -f /data/server/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
sed -i 's#^basedir=$#basedir=/data/server/mysql#' /etc/init.d/mysqld
sed -i 's#^datadir=$#datadir=/data/server/mysql/data#' /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
/data/server/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/server/mysql/data/ --basedir=/data/server/mysql --user=mysql
# create_mysql_user.sh
#!/bin/bash
/data/server/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe >> /dev/null 2>&1 &
RET=1
while [[ RET -ne 0 ]]; do
echo "=> Waiting for confirmation of MySQL service startup"
sleep 5
/data/server/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e "status" > /dev/null 2>&1
RET=$?
done
echo "============================MYSQL_PASS_INFO=============================== "
echo ""
PASS_ROOT=${MYSQL_PASS:-$(pwgen -s 8 1)}
PASS_DBA=${MYSQL_PASS:-$(pwgen -s 8 1)}
echo ""
echo "=> Creating MySQL root user with ${PASS_ROOT} password"
echo "=> Creating MySQL dba user with ${PASS_DBA} password"
echo ""
/data/server/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e "grant all privileges on *.* to 'dba'@'%' identified by '${PASS_DBA}'";
/data/server/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e "update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('${PASS_ROOT}') where user='root' and host='localhost'";
echo ""
echo "===================================END====================================="
echo ""
echo "=> Done!"
echo ""
echo ""
echo "==============================REMOTE_MYSQL_PASSWORD====================="
echo "You can now connect to this MySQL Server using:"
echo ""
echo " mysql -udba -p${PASS_DBA} -h<host> -P<port>"
echo ""
echo "Please remember to change the above password as soon as possible!"
echo "MySQL user 'root' has no password but only allows local connections"
echo "========================================================================"
/data/server/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe >> /dev/null 2>&1 &
RET=1
while [[ RET -ne 0 ]]; do
echo "=> Waiting for confirmation of MySQL service startup"
sleep 5
/data/server/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e "status" > /dev/null 2>&1
RET=$?
done
echo "============================MYSQL_PASS_INFO=============================== "
echo ""
PASS_ROOT=${MYSQL_PASS:-$(pwgen -s 8 1)}
PASS_DBA=${MYSQL_PASS:-$(pwgen -s 8 1)}
echo ""
echo "=> Creating MySQL root user with ${PASS_ROOT} password"
echo "=> Creating MySQL dba user with ${PASS_DBA} password"
echo ""
/data/server/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e "grant all privileges on *.* to 'dba'@'%' identified by '${PASS_DBA}'";
/data/server/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e "update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD('${PASS_ROOT}') where user='root' and host='localhost'";
echo ""
echo "===================================END====================================="
echo ""
echo "=> Done!"
echo ""
echo ""
echo "==============================REMOTE_MYSQL_PASSWORD====================="
echo "You can now connect to this MySQL Server using:"
echo ""
echo " mysql -udba -p${PASS_DBA} -h<host> -P<port>"
echo ""
echo "Please remember to change the above password as soon as possible!"
echo "MySQL user 'root' has no password but only allows local connections"
echo "========================================================================"
# 通过docker build命令提交镜像
docker build -t ted1993/mysql:5.6.24 . # 注意最后面有一个"."
# 使用docker images 命令查看镜像
[root@private_network mysql]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
ted1993/mysql 5.6.24 d3ed9c578f4c 5 days ago 902.8 MB
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
ted1993/mysql 5.6.24 d3ed9c578f4c 5 days ago 902.8 MB
# 使用docker run 命令启动容器 -P 使用随机端口映射容器端口 -p 3306:3306 使用指定端口
docker run -d -P ted1993/mysql:5.6.24
# 使用docker ps 命令查看运行容器id
[root@private_network mysql]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ab622592bf1e mysql:5.6.24 "/usr/bin/supervisor 3 days ago Up 3 days 0.0.0.0:5000->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5001->3306/tcp jolly_swartz
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ab622592bf1e mysql:5.6.24 "/usr/bin/supervisor 3 days ago Up 3 days 0.0.0.0:5000->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5001->3306/tcp jolly_swartz
# 使用docker commit 提交新的镜像
docker commit ab622592bf1e ted1993/mysql:2015-06-02[/code]
Docker使用Link在容器之间建立连接
在使用Docker的时候我们会常常碰到这么一种应用，就是我需要两个或多个容器，其中某些容器需要使用另外一些容器提供的服务。比如这么一种情况：我们需要一个容器来提供mysql的数据库服务，而另外两个容器作为客户端来连接使用mysql数据库服务。下面我们就来看看Docker是怎样通过Link来实现这种功能的。
这里我们首先创建两个容器image，一个用来模拟mysql数据库，另外一个使用mysql的client来模拟一些使用mysql服务的应用，这种应用可以是任何php，python，java等的应用。
先创建一个mysql_server目录并在其下创建一个Dockerfile文件，内容如下
FROM centos:centos6
MAINTAINER Fanbin Kong "kongxx@hotmail.com"
RUN yum install -y mysql-server mysql
RUN /etc/init.d/mysqld start &&\
mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'letmein';"&&\
mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'letmein';"&&\
mysql -u root -pletmein -e "show databases;"
EXPOSE 3306
CMD ["/usr/bin/mysqld_safe"]
MAINTAINER Fanbin Kong "kongxx@hotmail.com"
RUN yum install -y mysql-server mysql
RUN /etc/init.d/mysqld start &&\
mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'letmein';"&&\
mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'letmein';"&&\
mysql -u root -pletmein -e "show databases;"
EXPOSE 3306
CMD ["/usr/bin/mysqld_safe"]
然后根据Dockerfile来创建image
sudo docker build -t kongxx/mysql_server .
创建一个mysql_client目录并在其下创建一个Dockerfile文件，内容如下
FROM centos:centos6
MAINTAINER Fanbin Kong "kongxx@hotmail.com"
RUN yum install -y mysql
MAINTAINER Fanbin Kong "kongxx@hotmail.com"
RUN yum install -y mysql
然后根据Dockerfile来创建image
sudo docker build -t kongxx/mysql_client .
创建完image之后，我们可以使用下面命令来查看结果
$ sudo docker images | grep kongxx
kongxx/mysql_client latest aa31f22f6fc5 2 hours ago 303.7 MB
kongxx/mysql_server latest 3b9b08c8dda4 2 hours ago 353.3 MB
kongxx/mysql_client latest aa31f22f6fc5 2 hours ago 303.7 MB
kongxx/mysql_server latest 3b9b08c8dda4 2 hours ago 353.3 MB
第二步是根据image来创建我们的应用场景
首先创建提供mysql数据库服务的容器
sudo docker run --name=mysql_server -d -P kongxx/mysql_server
分别创建两个使用上一步创建出来mysql数据库服务的容器
第一个应用容器
sudo docker run --name=mysql_client1 --link=mysql_server:db -t -i kongxx/mysql_client /usr/bin/mysql -h db -u root -pletmein
第二个应用容器
sudo docker run --name=mysql_client2 --link=mysql_server:db -t -i kongxx/mysql_client /usr/bin/mysql -h db -u root -pletmein
这里需要特别注意一下“–link=mysql_server:db”，这个参数就是告诉Docker容器需要使用“mysql_server”容器，并将其别名命名为db，这样在这两个容器里就可以使用“db”来作为提供mysql数据库服务的机器名。所以在最后启动参数里我们使用的是“/usr/bin/mysql -h db -u root -pletmein”来连接mysql数据库的。
运行完上面两个命令，我们就会在创建了两个mysql的client的容器，此时我们可以使用下面命令来查看状态
sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ac0c76c627c0 kongxx/mysql_client:latest /usr/bin/mysql -h db 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds mysql_client2
763c4825722d kongxx/mysql_client:latest /usr/bin/mysql -h db 41 minutes ago Up 40 minutes mysql_client
32f7839f7e9d kongxx/mysql_server:latest /usr/bin/mysqld_safe About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:49153->3306/tcp mysql_client1/db,mysql_client2/db,mysql_server
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ac0c76c627c0 kongxx/mysql_client:latest /usr/bin/mysql -h db 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds mysql_client2
763c4825722d kongxx/mysql_client:latest /usr/bin/mysql -h db 41 minutes ago Up 40 minutes mysql_client
32f7839f7e9d kongxx/mysql_server:latest /usr/bin/mysqld_safe About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:49153->3306/tcp mysql_client1/db,mysql_client2/db,mysql_server
这里注意一下最后一行，也就是mysql_server容器的“NAMES”列的内容“mysql_client/db,mysql_client2/db,mysql_server”，这就说明mysql_client1和mysql_client2都和db建立的连接。
加载全部内容