Django-simple-captcha验证码包使用方法详解

时间:2020-11-28 -零人气:0

django-simple-captcha是django的验证码包，非常简单实用，这次记录的是如何点击验证码后刷新验证码，因为这个功能官方文档并没有详细给出。

django-simple-captcha官方文档：http://django-simple-captcha.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

django-simple-captcha的github网址：https://github.com/mbi/django-simple-captcha

开始

1.安装 pip install django-simple-captcha， pip install Pillow

2.将captcha 加入 settings.py 的 INSTALLED_APPS

3.运行 python manage.py makemigrations 和 python manage.py migrate

4.url路由加入urls.py的urlpatterns

urlpatterns = [
  path('captcha/', include('captcha.urls')),    # 图片验证码 路由
  path('refresh_captcha/', views.refresh_captcha),  # 刷新验证码，ajax
  path('test/',IndexView.as_view()),         #get与post请求路径
]

5.在views.py中加入以下代码

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import View
from captcha.models import CaptchaStore
from captcha.helpers import captcha_image_url
from django.http import HttpResponse
import json


# 创建验证码
def captcha():
  hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 验证码答案
  image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 验证码地址
  captcha = {'hashkey': hashkey, 'image_url': image_url}
  return captcha

#刷新验证码
def refresh_captcha(request):
  return HttpResponse(json.dumps(captcha()), content_type='application/json')

# 验证验证码
def jarge_captcha(captchaStr, captchaHashkey):
  if captchaStr and captchaHashkey:
    try:
      # 获取根据hashkey获取数据库中的response值
      get_captcha = CaptchaStore.objects.get(hashkey=captchaHashkey)
      if get_captcha.response == captchaStr.lower(): # 如果验证码匹配
        return True
    except:
      return False
  else:
    return False


class IndexView(View):
  def get(self, request):
    hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 验证码答案
    image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 验证码地址
    print(hashkey,image_url)
    captcha = {'hashkey': hashkey, 'image_url': image_url}
    return render(request, "login.html", locals())

  def post(self, request):
    capt = request.POST.get("captcha", None) # 用户提交的验证码
    key = request.POST.get("hashkey", None) # 验证码答案
    if jarge_captcha(capt, key):
      return HttpResponse("验证码正确")
    else:
      return HttpResponse("验证码错误")

6.templates文件夹下login.html的内容

{% load static %}
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Title</title>
  <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js"></script>
  <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <form action="/test/" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" class="captcha">
      <img src="{{ captcha.image_url }}" alt="点击切换" id="id_captcha" >
    </a> <br>
    <input type="text" name="captcha" placeholder="验证码"> <br>
    <input value="{{ captcha.hashkey }}" name="hashkey" type="hidden" id="id_captcha_0">
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block ">提交</button>
  </form>
<script>
    <!-- 动态刷新验证码js -->
    $(document).ready(function(){
      $('.captcha').click(function () {
        $.getJSON("/refresh_captcha/", function (result) {
          $('#id_captcha').attr('src', result['image_url']);
          $('#id_captcha_0').val(result['hashkey'])
        });
      });
    });
</script>
</body>
</html>

django-simple-captcha并没有使用session对验证码进行存储，而是使用了数据库，当你在做数据库迁移的时候会生成一个表 captcha_captchastore ，包含以下字段

challenge = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 验证码大写或者数学计算比如 1+1
response = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 需要输入的验证码验证码小写或数学计算的结果比如 2
hashkey = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=40, unique=True) # hash值
expiration = models.DateTimeField(blank=False) # 到期时间

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