python实现扫雷游戏的示例
Python技术 人气:0扫雷是一款益智类小游戏，最早于 1992 年由微软在 Windows 上发行，游戏适合于全年龄段，规则简单，即在最短的时间内找出所有非雷格子且在中间过程中不能踩到雷， 踩到雷则失败，需重新开始。
本文我们使用 Python 来实现扫雷游戏，主要用的 Python 库是 pygame。
实现
游戏组成比较简单，主要包括：小方格、计时器、地雷等。
首先，我们初始化一些常量，比如：横竖方块数、地雷数、鼠标点击情况等，如下所示：
BLOCK_WIDTH = 30 BLOCK_HEIGHT = 16 # 块大小 SIZE = 20 # 地雷数 MINE_COUNT = 66 # 未点击 normal = 1 # 已点击 opened = 2 # 地雷 mine = 3 # 标记为地雷 flag = 4 # 标记为问号 ask = 5 # 踩中地雷 bomb = 6 # 被双击的周围 hint = 7 # 正被鼠标左右键双击 double = 8 readied = 1, started = 2, over = 3, win = 4
接着定义一个地雷类，类中定义一些基本属性（如：坐标、状态等）及 get、set 方法，代码实现如下：
class Mine: def __init__(self, x, y, value=0): self._x = x self._y = y self._value = 0 self._around_mine_count = -1 self._status = normal self.set_value(value) def __repr__(self): return str(self._value) def get_x(self): return self._x def set_x(self, x): self._x = x x = property(fget=get_x, fset=set_x) def get_y(self): return self._y def set_y(self, y): self._y = y y = property(fget=get_y, fset=set_y) def get_value(self): return self._value def set_value(self, value): if value: self._value = 1 else: self._value = 0 value = property(fget=get_value, fset=set_value, doc='0:非地雷 1:雷') def get_around_mine_count(self): return self._around_mine_count def set_around_mine_count(self, around_mine_count): self._around_mine_count = around_mine_count around_mine_count = property(fget=get_around_mine_count, fset=set_around_mine_count, doc='四周地雷数量') def get_status(self): return self._status def set_status(self, value): self._status = value status = property(fget=get_status, fset=set_status, doc='BlockStatus')
再接着定义一个 MineBlock 类，用来处理扫雷的基本逻辑，代码实现如下：
class MineBlock:
def __init__(self):
self._block = [[Mine(i, j) for i in range(BLOCK_WIDTH)] for j in range(BLOCK_HEIGHT)]
# 埋雷
for i in random.sample(range(BLOCK_WIDTH * BLOCK_HEIGHT), MINE_COUNT):
self._block[i // BLOCK_WIDTH][i % BLOCK_WIDTH].value = 1
def get_block(self):
return self._block
block = property(fget=get_block)
def getmine(self, x, y):
return self._block[y][x]
def open_mine(self, x, y):
# 踩到雷了
if self._block[y][x].value:
self._block[y][x].status = bomb
return False
# 先把状态改为 opened
self._block[y][x].status = opened
around = _get_around(x, y)
_sum = 0
for i, j in around:
if self._block[j][i].value:
_sum += 1
self._block[y][x].around_mine_count = _sum
# 如果周围没有雷，那么将周围 8 个未中未点开的递归算一遍
if _sum == 0:
for i, j in around:
if self._block[j][i].around_mine_count == -1:
self.open_mine(i, j)
return True
def double_mouse_button_down(self, x, y):
if self._block[y][x].around_mine_count == 0:
return True
self._block[y][x].status = double
around = _get_around(x, y)
# 周围被标记的雷数量
sumflag = 0
for i, j in _get_around(x, y):
if self._block[j][i].status == flag:
sumflag += 1
# 周边的雷已经全部被标记
result = True
if sumflag == self._block[y][x].around_mine_count:
for i, j in around:
if self._block[j][i].status == normal:
if not self.open_mine(i, j):
result = False
else:
for i, j in around:
if self._block[j][i].status == normal:
self._block[j][i].status = hint
return result
def double_mouse_button_up(self, x, y):
self._block[y][x].status = opened
for i, j in _get_around(x, y):
if self._block[j][i].status == hint:
self._block[j][i].status = normal
我们接下来初始化界面，首先生成由小方格组成的面板，主要代码实现如下
for row in block.block: for mine in row: pos = (mine.x * SIZE, (mine.y + 2) * SIZE) if mine.status == opened: screen.blit(img_dict[mine.around_mine_count], pos) opened_count += 1 elif mine.status == double: screen.blit(img_dict[mine.around_mine_count], pos) elif mine.status == bomb: screen.blit(img_blood, pos) elif mine.status == flag: screen.blit(img_flag, pos) flag_count += 1 elif mine.status == ask: screen.blit(img_ask, pos) elif mine.status == hint: screen.blit(img0, pos) elif game_status == over and mine.value: screen.blit(img_mine, pos) elif mine.value == 0 and mine.status == flag: screen.blit(img_error, pos) elif mine.status == normal: screen.blit(img_blank, pos)
看一下效果：
再接着添加面板的 head 部分，包括：显示雷数、重新开始按钮（笑脸）、显示耗时，主要代码实现如下：
print_text(screen, font1, 30, (SIZE * 2 - fheight) // 2 - 2, '%02d' % (MINE_COUNT - flag_count), red) if game_status == started: elapsed_time = int(time.time() - start_time) print_text(screen, font1, SCREEN_WIDTH - fwidth - 30, (SIZE * 2 - fheight) // 2 - 2, '%03d' % elapsed_time, red) if flag_count + opened_count == BLOCK_WIDTH * BLOCK_HEIGHT: game_status = win if game_status == over: screen.blit(img_face_fail, (face_pos_x, face_pos_y)) elif game_status == win: screen.blit(img_face_success, (face_pos_x, face_pos_y)) else: screen.blit(img_face_normal, (face_pos_x, face_pos_y))
看一下效果：
再接着添加各种点击事件，代码实现如下：
for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: sys.exit() elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: mouse_x, mouse_y = event.pos x = mouse_x // SIZE y = mouse_y // SIZE - 2 b1, b2, b3 = pygame.mouse.get_pressed() if game_status == started: # 鼠标左右键同时按下，如果已经标记了所有雷，则打开周围一圈；如果还未标记完所有雷，则有一个周围一圈被同时按下的效果 if b1 and b3: mine = block.getmine(x, y) if mine.status == opened: if not block.double_mouse_button_down(x, y): game_status = over elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP: if y < 0: if face_pos_x <= mouse_x <= face_pos_x + face_size \ and face_pos_y <= mouse_y <= face_pos_y + face_size: game_status = readied block = MineBlock() start_time = time.time() elapsed_time = 0 continue if game_status == readied: game_status = started start_time = time.time() elapsed_time = 0 if game_status == started: mine = block.getmine(x, y) # 按鼠标左键 if b1 and not b3: if mine.status == normal: if not block.open_mine(x, y): game_status = over # 按鼠标右键 elif not b1 and b3: if mine.status == normal: mine.status = flag elif mine.status == flag: mine.status = ask elif mine.status == ask: mine.status = normal elif b1 and b3: if mine.status == double: block.double_mouse_button_up(x, y)
我们来看一下最终实现效果：
总结
本文我们通过 Python 简单的实现了扫雷游戏，大家有兴趣的话，可以实际操作一下，看看自己能否排除全部的雷。
完整代码
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