Kotlin ContentProvider使用方法详解
go2coding 人气:0android
的四大组件,已经介绍了两个,这一节介绍ContentProvider
。前面的广播可以进行 app内的通讯,如果需要进行app之间的通讯,在android
中使用的是ContentProvider
。ContentProvider
也分为三种,一,作为数据的存储和查询,也就是别人来调用你ContentProvider
。二,调用者ContentResolver
,用来调用插入和查询数据。三,观察者ContentObserver
,比如监控短信的变化。
ContentProvider提供者
ContentProvider
提供者作为一个母体,用来通过数据的查询和插入,这样做的好处是,让每个服务都相互独立,而且有可以像外部提供相应的接口。比如通讯录,短信息等。他们作为一种服务,根据用户的权限来提供特有的服务。
这里我们也建立一个ContentProvider
,用户可以来调用,提供查询和插入的功能。我们用sqlite
对数据进行存储和查询。
inner class DBHelper(context:Context,name:String, factory:SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory?,version:Int):SQLiteOpenHelper(context,name,factory, version){ override fun onCreate(_db: SQLiteDatabase?) { var sql:String = "CREATE TABLE " + DATUM_TABLE_NAME + " (" + "_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT," + Constants.TEXT+ " VARCHAR(20)" + ")" _db?.execSQL(sql) } override fun onUpgrade(_db: SQLiteDatabase?, p1: Int, p2: Int) { var sql:String = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + DATUM_TABLE_NAME _db?.execSQL(sql) onCreate(_db) } }
创建 ContentProvider
class DataProvider : ContentProvider()
实现两个接口 query
,insert
。
override fun query( uri: Uri, p: Array<out String>?, s: String?, args: Array<out String>?, sort: String? ): Cursor? { val qb = SQLiteQueryBuilder() qb.tables = DATUM_TABLE_NAME qb.projectionMap = projMap var s1 = s if (sUriMatcher.match(uri) != DATUM) { if (sUriMatcher.match(uri) == DATUM_ID) s1 = s + "_id = " + uri?.lastPathSegment else throw IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri) } val db = dbHelper?.readableDatabase val c = qb.query(db, p, s1, args, null, null, sort) c.setNotificationUri(context?.contentResolver ?: null, uri) return c }
insert
接口
override fun insert(uri: Uri, cv: ContentValues?): Uri? { var m:Int = sUriMatcher.match(uri).toInt() m = 1 if (m != 1){ throw IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri) } val v: ContentValues if (cv != null) v = ContentValues(cv) else v = ContentValues() val db = dbHelper?.writableDatabase val rId = db?.insert(DATUM_TABLE_NAME, Constants.TEXT, v) if (rId != null) { if (rId > 0) { val uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Constants.URL, rId) context?.contentResolver?.notifyChange(uri, null) return uri } } else { throw SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + uri) } return null }
如何调用呢?
var textView = findViewById<TextView>(R.id.textView) var btn = findViewById<Button>(R.id.btn) // Inserting data into content provider val tuple = ContentValues() tuple.put(Constants.TEXT, Constants.TEXT_DATA) contentResolver.insert(Constants.URL, tuple) // Reading from content provider val cols = arrayOf(Constants.ID, Constants.TEXT) val u = Constants.URL val c = contentResolver.query(u, cols, null, null, null) if (c!!.moveToLast()) textView.text = "Data read from content provider: " + c!!.getString(c.getColumnIndex(Constants.TEXT)) else textView.text = "Access denied"
在AndroidManifest.xml
上 添加:
<provider android:name="com.kotlin.kotlin_start_ch16.DataProvider" android:authorities="com.kotlin.kotlin_start_ch16.provider" android:exported="true" android:multiprocess="true"/>
模拟插入数据后,对数据进行查询,并显示在textview
上。
contentResolver获取短信数据
app
获取短信需要相应的权限,首先要确认和申请权限。在AndroidManifest.xml
上添加,
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_SMS" />
这样还不够,需要进行权限的用户授权。
fun checkPermission():Boolean{ var result = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(applicationContext,Manifest.permission.READ_SMS) return result==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED } fun requestPermission(i:Int){ ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, arrayOf(Manifest.permission.READ_SMS),i) } override fun onRequestPermissionsResult( requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<out String>, grantResults: IntArray ) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults) }
当用户确认以后,才可以进行短信的获取。
if (!checkPermission()){ requestPermission(123) } btn.setOnClickListener { val cols = arrayOf("_id","address","date","type","body") var c = contentResolver.query(Uri.parse("content://sms/"),cols,null,null, null) while (c!!.moveToNext()){ var body=c.getString(4) textView.text = body var s = SmsInfo(c.getInt(0),c.getString(1),c.getLong(2),c.getString(4)) sms.add(s) } var text:String = "" sms.forEach{ text = text + it.address + "\n" text = text + it.info + "\n" } textView.text = text }
ContentObserver监控短信的到来
ContentObserver
监控短信同样的需要相应的权限,可以看看上节的代码,要监控短信需要新建一个类继承ContentObserver
,并进行注册:
smsContentObserver = SmsContentObserver(this, Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()), conversationsHandler) //smsContentObserver = SmsContentObserver(this, Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())) smsContentObserver?.let { //it.start() contentResolver.registerContentObserver(Telephony.Sms.CONTENT_URI, true, it) contentResolver.registerContentObserver(Telephony.Mms.CONTENT_URI, true, it) contentResolver.registerContentObserver(Telephony.MmsSms.CONTENT_URI, true, it) }
收到短信后,对短信进行处理:
private fun newSms() { val newSms: Map<Int, SmsObject> = smsDeleteDetector.newSms() newSms.forEach { if ((it.value._type).toInt() == Telephony.Sms.Inbox.MESSAGE_TYPE_INBOX) { logToastHelper.showLogMsg( context, "$tag Inbox ID:${it.value._id} ThreadId:${it.value._threadId} ", "SMS From ${it.value._address} : ${it.value._body}" ) } else if (((it.value._type).toInt()) == Telephony.Sms.Inbox.MESSAGE_TYPE_SENT) { logToastHelper.showLogMsg( context, "$tag Outbox ID:${it.value._id} ThreadId:${it.value._threadId}", "SMS Sent To ${it.value._address} : ${it.value._body}" ) } } }
小结
如果一步一步的进行安卓基础知识的学习,会觉得android的设计还是很有层次的,每一组组件都设计的比较完善,编程者用起来其实都会觉得比较简单的。
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