Java @GlobalLock注解详细分析讲解
氵奄不死的鱼 人气:1GlobalLock的作用
对于某条数据进行更新操作,如果全局事务正在进行,当某个本地事务需要更新该数据时,需要使用@GlobalLock确保其不会对全局事务正在操作的数据进行修改。防止的本地事务对全局事务的数据脏写。如果和select for update组合使用,还可以起到防止脏读的效果。
全局锁
首先我们知道,seata的AT模式是二段提交的,而且AT模式能够做到事务ACID四种特性中的A原子性和D持久性,默认情况下隔离级别也只能保证在读未提交
那么为了保证原子性,在全局事务未提交之前,其中被修改的数据会被加上全局锁,保证不再会被其他全局事务修改。
为什么要使用GlobalLock
但是全局锁仅仅能防止全局事务对一个上锁的数据再次进行修改,在很多业务场景中我们是没有跨系统的rpc调用的,通常是不会加分布式事务的。
例如有分布式事务执行完毕A系统的业务逻辑,正在继续执行B系统逻辑,并且A系统事务已经提交。此时A系统一个本地的spring事务去与分布式事务修改同一行数据,是可以正常修改的
由于本地的spring事务并不受seata的全局锁控制容易导致脏写,即全局事务修改数据后,还未提交,数据又被本地事务改掉了。这很容易发生数据出错的问题,而且十分有可能导致全局事务回滚时发现 数据已经dirty(与uodoLog中的beforeImage不同)。那么就会回滚失败,进而导致全局锁无法释放,后续的操作无法进行下去。也是比较严重的问题。
一种解决办法就是,针对所有相关操作都加上AT全局事务,但这显然是没必要的,因为全局事务意味者需要与seata-server进行通信,创建全局事务,注册分支事务,记录undoLog,判断锁冲突,注册锁。
那么对于不需要跨系统,跨库的的业务来说,使用GlobalTransactional实在是有点浪费了
那么更加轻量的GlobalLock就能够发挥作用了,其只需要判断本地的修改是否与全局锁冲突就够了
工作原理
加上@GlobalLock之后,会进入切面
io.seata.spring.annotation.GlobalTransactionalInterceptor#invoke
进而进入这个方法,处理全局锁
Object handleGlobalLock(final MethodInvocation methodInvocation, final GlobalLock globalLockAnno) throws Throwable { return globalLockTemplate.execute(new GlobalLockExecutor() { @Override public Object execute() throws Throwable { return methodInvocation.proceed(); } @Override public GlobalLockConfig getGlobalLockConfig() { GlobalLockConfig config = new GlobalLockConfig(); config.setLockRetryInternal(globalLockAnno.lockRetryInternal()); config.setLockRetryTimes(globalLockAnno.lockRetryTimes()); return config; } }); }
进入execute方法
public Object execute(GlobalLockExecutor executor) throws Throwable { boolean alreadyInGlobalLock = RootContext.requireGlobalLock(); if (!alreadyInGlobalLock) { RootContext.bindGlobalLockFlag(); } // set my config to config holder so that it can be access in further execution // for example, LockRetryController can access it with config holder GlobalLockConfig myConfig = executor.getGlobalLockConfig(); GlobalLockConfig previousConfig = GlobalLockConfigHolder.setAndReturnPrevious(myConfig); try { return executor.execute(); } finally { // only unbind when this is the root caller. // otherwise, the outer caller would lose global lock flag if (!alreadyInGlobalLock) { RootContext.unbindGlobalLockFlag(); } // if previous config is not null, we need to set it back // so that the outer logic can still use their config if (previousConfig != null) { GlobalLockConfigHolder.setAndReturnPrevious(previousConfig); } else { GlobalLockConfigHolder.remove(); } } } }
先判断当前是否已经在globalLock范围之内,如果已经在范围之内,那么把上层的配置取出来,用新的配置替换,并在方法执行完毕时候,释放锁,或者将配置替换成之前的上层配置
如果开启全局锁,会在threadLocal put一个标记
//just put something not null CONTEXT_HOLDER.put(KEY_GLOBAL_LOCK_FLAG, VALUE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FLAG);
开始执行业务方法
那么加上相关GlobalLock标记的和普通方法的区别在哪里?
我们都知道,seata会对数据库连接做代理,在生成PreparedStatement时会进入
io.seata.rm.datasource.AbstractConnectionProxy#prepareStatement(java.lang.String)
@Override public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException { String dbType = getDbType(); // support oracle 10.2+ PreparedStatement targetPreparedStatement = null; if (BranchType.AT == RootContext.getBranchType()) { List<SQLRecognizer> sqlRecognizers = SQLVisitorFactory.get(sql, dbType); if (sqlRecognizers != null && sqlRecognizers.size() == 1) { SQLRecognizer sqlRecognizer = sqlRecognizers.get(0); if (sqlRecognizer != null && sqlRecognizer.getSQLType() == SQLType.INSERT) { TableMeta tableMeta = TableMetaCacheFactory.getTableMetaCache(dbType).getTableMeta(getTargetConnection(), sqlRecognizer.getTableName(), getDataSourceProxy().getResourceId()); String[] pkNameArray = new String[tableMeta.getPrimaryKeyOnlyName().size()]; tableMeta.getPrimaryKeyOnlyName().toArray(pkNameArray); targetPreparedStatement = getTargetConnection().prepareStatement(sql,pkNameArray); } } } if (targetPreparedStatement == null) { targetPreparedStatement = getTargetConnection().prepareStatement(sql); } return new PreparedStatementProxy(this, targetPreparedStatement, sql); }
这里显然不会进入AT模式的逻辑,那么直接通过真正的数据库连接,生成PreparedStatement,再使用PreparedStatementProxy进行包装,代理增强
在使用PreparedStatementProxy执行sql时,会进入seata定义的一些逻辑
public boolean execute() throws SQLException { return ExecuteTemplate.execute(this, (statement, args) -> statement.execute()); }
最终来到
io.seata.rm.datasource.exec.ExecuteTemplate#execute(java.util.List<io.seata.sqlparser.SQLRecognizer>, io.seata.rm.datasource.StatementProxy, io.seata.rm.datasource.exec.StatementCallback<T,S>, java.lang.Object…)
public static <T, S extends Statement> T execute(List<SQLRecognizer> sqlRecognizers, StatementProxy<S> statementProxy, StatementCallback<T, S> statementCallback, Object... args) throws SQLException { if (!RootContext.requireGlobalLock() && BranchType.AT != RootContext.getBranchType()) { // Just work as original statement return statementCallback.execute(statementProxy.getTargetStatement(), args); } String dbType = statementProxy.getConnectionProxy().getDbType(); if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(sqlRecognizers)) { sqlRecognizers = SQLVisitorFactory.get( statementProxy.getTargetSQL(), dbType); } Executor<T> executor; if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(sqlRecognizers)) { executor = new PlainExecutor<>(statementProxy, statementCallback); } else { if (sqlRecognizers.size() == 1) { SQLRecognizer sqlRecognizer = sqlRecognizers.get(0); switch (sqlRecognizer.getSQLType()) { case INSERT: executor = EnhancedServiceLoader.load(InsertExecutor.class, dbType, new Class[]{StatementProxy.class, StatementCallback.class, SQLRecognizer.class}, new Object[]{statementProxy, statementCallback, sqlRecognizer}); break; case UPDATE: executor = new UpdateExecutor<>(statementProxy, statementCallback, sqlRecognizer); break; case DELETE: executor = new DeleteExecutor<>(statementProxy, statementCallback, sqlRecognizer); break; case SELECT_FOR_UPDATE: executor = new SelectForUpdateExecutor<>(statementProxy, statementCallback, sqlRecognizer); break; default: executor = new PlainExecutor<>(statementProxy, statementCallback); break; } } else { executor = new MultiExecutor<>(statementProxy, statementCallback, sqlRecognizers); } } T rs; try { rs = executor.execute(args); } catch (Throwable ex) { if (!(ex instanceof SQLException)) { // Turn other exception into SQLException ex = new SQLException(ex); } throw (SQLException) ex; } return rs; }
如果当前线程不需要锁并且不不在AT模式的分支事务下,直接使用原生的preparedStatement执行就好了
这里四种操作,通过不同的接口去执行,接口又有多种不同的数据库类型实现
插入分为不同的数据库类型,通过spi获取
seata提供了三种数据库的实现,
update,delete,select三种没有多个实现类
他们在执行时都会执行父类的方法
io.seata.rm.datasource.exec.AbstractDMLBaseExecutor#executeAutoCommitTrue
protected T executeAutoCommitTrue(Object[] args) throws Throwable { ConnectionProxy connectionProxy = statementProxy.getConnectionProxy(); try { connectionProxy.changeAutoCommit(); return new LockRetryPolicy(connectionProxy).execute(() -> { T result = executeAutoCommitFalse(args); connectionProxy.commit(); return result; }); } catch (Exception e) { // when exception occur in finally,this exception will lost, so just print it here LOGGER.error("execute executeAutoCommitTrue error:{}", e.getMessage(), e); if (!LockRetryPolicy.isLockRetryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict()) { connectionProxy.getTargetConnection().rollback(); } throw e; } finally { connectionProxy.getContext().reset(); connectionProxy.setAutoCommit(true); } }
全局锁的策略, 是在一个while(true)循环里不断执行
protected <T> T doRetryOnLockConflict(Callable<T> callable) throws Exception { LockRetryController lockRetryController = new LockRetryController(); while (true) { try { return callable.call(); } catch (LockConflictException lockConflict) { onException(lockConflict); lockRetryController.sleep(lockConflict); } catch (Exception e) { onException(e); throw e; } } }
如果出现异常是LockConflictException,进入sleep
public void sleep(Exception e) throws LockWaitTimeoutException { if (--lockRetryTimes < 0) { throw new LockWaitTimeoutException("Global lock wait timeout", e); } try { Thread.sleep(lockRetryInternal); } catch (InterruptedException ignore) { } }
这两个变量就是@GlobalLock注解的两个配置,一个是重试次数,一个重试之间的间隔时间。
继续就是执行数据库更新操作
io.seata.rm.datasource.exec.AbstractDMLBaseExecutor#executeAutoCommitFalse
发现这里也会生成,undoLog,beforeImage和afterImage,其实想想,在GlobalLock下,是没必要生成undoLog的。但是现有逻辑确实要生成,这个seata后续应该会优化。
protected T executeAutoCommitFalse(Object[] args) throws Exception { if (!JdbcConstants.MYSQL.equalsIgnoreCase(getDbType()) && isMultiPk()) { throw new NotSupportYetException("multi pk only support mysql!"); } TableRecords beforeImage = beforeImage(); T result = statementCallback.execute(statementProxy.getTargetStatement(), args); TableRecords afterImage = afterImage(beforeImage); prepareUndoLog(beforeImage, afterImage); return result; }
生成beforeImage和aferImage的逻辑也比较简单。分别在执行更新前,查询数据库,和更新后查询数据库
可见记录undoLog是十分影响性能的,查询就多了两次,如果undoLog入库还要再多一次入库操作。
再看prepareUndoLog
protected void prepareUndoLog(TableRecords beforeImage, TableRecords afterImage) throws SQLException { if (beforeImage.getRows().isEmpty() && afterImage.getRows().isEmpty()) { return; } if (SQLType.UPDATE == sqlRecognizer.getSQLType()) { if (beforeImage.getRows().size() != afterImage.getRows().size()) { throw new ShouldNeverHappenException("Before image size is not equaled to after image size, probably because you updated the primary keys."); } } ConnectionProxy connectionProxy = statementProxy.getConnectionProxy(); TableRecords lockKeyRecords = sqlRecognizer.getSQLType() == SQLType.DELETE ? beforeImage : afterImage; String lockKeys = buildLockKey(lockKeyRecords); if (null != lockKeys) { connectionProxy.appendLockKey(lockKeys); SQLUndoLog sqlUndoLog = buildUndoItem(beforeImage, afterImage); connectionProxy.appendUndoLog(sqlUndoLog); } }
将lockKeys,和undoLog,暂时记录在connectionProxy中,也就是说至此还没有将uodoLog记录到数据库,也没有判断全局锁,这些事情都留到了事务提交
io.seata.rm.datasource.ConnectionProxy#doCommit
private void doCommit() throws SQLException { if (context.inGlobalTransaction()) { processGlobalTransactionCommit(); } else if (context.isGlobalLockRequire()) { processLocalCommitWithGlobalLocks(); } else { targetConnection.commit(); } }
进入io.seata.rm.datasource.ConnectionProxy#processLocalCommitWithGlobalLocks
这个 方法很简单就是首先进行锁的检查,并没有我想象中的加索全局事务。
private void processLocalCommitWithGlobalLocks() throws SQLException { checkLock(context.buildLockKeys()); try { targetConnection.commit(); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new SQLException(ex); } context.reset(); }
也就是说,使用GlobalLock会对全局锁检测,但是并不会对记录加全局锁。但是配合全局事务这样已经能够保证全局事务的原子性了。可见GlobalLock还是要和本地事务组合一起使用的,这样才能保证,GlobalLock执行完毕本地事务未提交的数据不会被别的本地事务/分布式事务修改掉。
加载全部内容