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Spring Security分布式授权

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1 需求分析

回顾技术方案如下:

1、UAA认证服务负责认证授权。

2、所有请求经过 网关到达微服务

3、网关负责鉴权客户端以及请求转发

4、网关将token解析后传给微服务,微服务进行授权。

2 注册中心

所有微服务的请求都经过网关,网关从注册中心读取微服务的地址,将请求转发至微服务。

本节完成注册中心的搭建,注册中心采用Eureka。

1、创建maven工程

2、pom.xml依赖如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-
4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>distributed-security</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lw.security</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>distributed-security-discovery</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3、配置文件

在resources中配置application.yml

spring: 
    application:
        name: distributed-discovery
server:
    port: 53000 #启动端口
eureka:
  server:
    enable-self-preservation: false    #关闭服务器自我保护,客户端心跳检测15分钟内错误达到80%服务会保护,导致别人还认为是好用的服务
    eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 10000 #清理间隔(单位毫秒,默认是60*1000)5秒将客户端剔除的服务在服务注册列表中剔除# 
    shouldUseReadOnlyResponseCache: true #eureka是CAP理论种基于AP策略,为了保证强一致性关闭此切换CP默认不关闭 false关闭
  client: 
    register-with-eureka: false  #false:不作为一个客户端注册到注册中心
    fetch-registry: false      #为true时,可以启动,但报异常:Cannot execute request on any known server
    instance-info-replication-interval-seconds: 10 
    serviceUrl: 
      defaultZone: http://localhost:${server.port}/eureka/
  instance:
    hostname: ${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}

启动类:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class DiscoveryServer {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(DiscoveryServer.class, args);
  }
}

3 网关

网关整合 OAuth2.0 有两种思路,一种是认证服务器生成jwt令牌, 所有请求统一在网关层验证,判断权限等操作;另一种是由各资源服务处理,网关只做请求转发。

我们选用第一种。我们把API网关作为OAuth2.0的资源服务器角色,实现接入客户端权限拦截、令牌解析并转发当前登录用户信息(jsonToken)给微服务,这样下游微服务就不需要关心令牌格式解析以及OAuth2.0相关机制了。

API网关在认证授权体系里主要负责两件事:

(1)作为OAuth2.0的资源服务器角色,实现接入方权限拦截。

(2)令牌解析并转发当前登录用户信息(明文token)给微服务

微服务拿到明文token(明文token中包含登录用户的身份和权限信息)后也需要做两件事:

(1)用户授权拦截(看当前用户是否有权访问该资源)

(2)将用户信息存储进当前线程上下文(有利于后续业务逻辑随时获取当前用户信息)

3.1 创建工程

1、pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-
4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>distributed-security</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lw.security</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>distributed-security-gateway</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> 
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.netflix.hystrix</groupId>
            <artifactId>hystrix-javanica</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-oauth2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-jwt</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.interceptor</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.interceptor-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2、配置文件

配置application.properties

spring.application.name=gateway-server
server.port=53010
spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding = true
logging.level.root = info
logging.level.org.springframework = info
zuul.retryable = true
zuul.ignoredServices = *
zuul.add-host-header = true
zuul.sensitiveHeaders = *
zuul.routes.uaa-service.stripPrefix = false
zuul.routes.uaa-service.path = /uaa/**
zuul.routes.order-service.stripPrefix = false
zuul.routes.order-service.path = /order/**
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone = http://localhost:53000/eureka/
eureka.instance.preferIpAddress = true
eureka.instance.instance-id = ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include = refresh,health,info,env
feign.hystrix.enabled = true
feign.compression.request.enabled = true
feign.compression.request.mime-types[0] = text/xml
feign.compression.request.mime-types[1] = application/xml
feign.compression.request.mime-types[2] = application/json
feign.compression.request.min-request-size = 2048
feign.compression.response.enabled = true

统一认证服务(UAA)与统一用户服务都是网关下微服务,需要在网关上新增路由配置:

zuul.routes.uaa-service.stripPrefix = false
zuul.routes.uaa-service.path = /uaa/**

zuul.routes.user-service.stripPrefix = false
zuul.routes.user-service.path = /order/**

上面配置了网关接收的请求url若符合/order/**表达式,将被被转发至order-service(统一用户服务)。

启动类:

@SpringBootApplication 
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GatewayServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GatewayServer.class, args);
    }
}

3.2 token配置

前面也介绍了,资源服务器由于需要验证并解析令牌,往往可以通过在授权服务器暴露check_token的Endpoint来完成,而我们在授权服务器使用的是对称加密的jwt,因此知道密钥即可,资源服务与授权服务本就是对称设计,那我们把授权服务的TokenConfig两个类拷贝过来就行 。

@Configuration
public class TokenConfig {
  private String SIGNING_KEY = "uaa123";
    @Bean
    public TokenStore tokenStore() {
        return new JwtTokenStore(accessTokenConverter()); 
    }
   @Bean
    public JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter() {
        JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter();
        converter.setSigningKey(SIGNING_KEY); //对称秘钥,资源服务器使用该秘钥来解密
        return converter;
    }
}

3.3 配置资源服务

在ResouceServerConfig中定义资源服务配置,主要配置的内容就是定义一些匹配规则,描述某个接入客户端需要什么样的权限才能访问某个微服务,如:

@Configuration
public class ResouceServerConfig {
    public static final String RESOURCE_ID = "res1";
    /**
     * 统一认证服务(UAA) 资源拦截
     */
    @Configuration
    @EnableResourceServer
    public class UAAServerConfig extends
            ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter {
        @Autowired
        private TokenStore tokenStore;
        @Override
        public void configure(ResourceServerSecurityConfigurer resources){
            resources.tokenStore(tokenStore).resourceId(RESOURCE_ID)
                    .stateless(true);
        }
        @Override
        public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
            http.authorizeRequests()
                    .antMatchers("/uaa/**").permitAll();
        }
    }
    /**
     *  订单服务
     */

@Configuration
    @EnableResourceServer
    public class OrderServerConfig extends
        ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter {
            @Autowired
            private TokenStore tokenStore;
        @Override
        public void configure(ResourceServerSecurityConfigurer resources) {
            resources.tokenStore(tokenStore).resourceId(RESOURCE_ID)
                    .stateless(true);
        }
        @Override
        public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
            http
                    .authorizeRequests()
                    .antMatchers("/order/**").access("#oauth2.hasScope('ROLE_API')");
        }
    }
}

上面定义了两个微服务的资源,其中:

UAAServerConfig指定了若请求匹配/uaa/**网关不进行拦截。

OrderServerConfig指定了若请求匹配/order/**,也就是访问统一用户服务,接入客户端需要有scope中包含read,并且authorities(权限)中需要包含ROLE_USER。

由于res1这个接入客户端,read包括ROLE_ADMIN,ROLE_USER,ROLE_API三个权限。

3.4 安全配置

@Configuration 
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
                .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/**").permitAll()
                .and().csrf().disable();
    }
}

4 转发明文token给微服务

通过Zuul过滤器的方式实现,目的是让下游微服务能够很方便的获取到当前的登录用户信息(明文token)

( 1)实现Zuul前置过滤器,完成当前登录用户信息提取,并放入转发微服务的request中

/**
 * token传递拦截
 */
public class AuthFilter extends ZuulFilter {
    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return "pre";
    }
    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return 0;
    }
    @Override
    public Object run() {
        /**
         * 1.获取令牌内容
         */
        RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
        if(!(authentication instanceof OAuth2Authentication)){ // 无token访问网关内资源的情况,目前仅有uua服务直接暴露
            return null;
        }
        OAuth2Authentication oauth2Authentication  = (OAuth2Authentication)authentication;
        Authentication userAuthentication = oauth2Authentication.getUserAuthentication();
        Object principal = userAuthentication.getPrincipal();
        /**
         * 2.组装明文token,转发给微服务,放入header,名称为json-token
         */
        List<String> authorities = new ArrayList();
        userAuthentication.getAuthorities().stream().forEach(s ->authorities.add(((GrantedAuthority) s).getAuthority()));
        OAuth2Request oAuth2Request = oauth2Authentication.getOAuth2Request();
        Map<String, String> requestParameters = oAuth2Request.getRequestParameters();
        Map<String,Object> jsonToken = new HashMap<>(requestParameters);
        if(userAuthentication != null){
            jsonToken.put("principal",userAuthentication.getName());
            jsonToken.put("authorities",authorities);
        }
        ctx.addZuulRequestHeader("json-token", EncryptUtil.encodeUTF8StringBase64(JSON.toJSONString(jsonToken)));
        return null;
   }
}

common包下建EncryptUtil类 UTF8互转Base64

public class EncryptUtil {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EncryptUtil.class);

    public static String encodeBase64(byte[] bytes){
        String encoded = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
        return encoded;
    }
    public static byte[]  decodeBase64(String str){
        byte[] bytes = null;
        bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(str);
        return bytes;
    public static String encodeUTF8StringBase64(String str){
        String encoded = null;
        try {
            encoded = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(str.getBytes("utf-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            logger.warn("不支持的编码格式",e);
        }
    public static String  decodeUTF8StringBase64(String str){
        String decoded = null;
        byte[] bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(str);
            decoded = new String(bytes,"utf-8");
        }catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e){
        return decoded;
    public static String encodeURL(String url) {
    	String encoded = null;
		try {
			encoded =  URLEncoder.encode(url, "utf-8");
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			logger.warn("URLEncode失败", e);
		}
		return encoded;
	}
	public static String decodeURL(String url) {
    	String decoded = null;
			decoded = URLDecoder.decode(url, "utf-8");
			logger.warn("URLDecode失败", e);
		return decoded;
    public static void main(String [] args){
        String str = "abcd{'a':'b'}";
        String encoded = EncryptUtil.encodeUTF8StringBase64(str);
        String decoded = EncryptUtil.decodeUTF8StringBase64(encoded);
        System.out.println(str);
        System.out.println(encoded);
        System.out.println(decoded);
        String url = "== wo";
        String urlEncoded = EncryptUtil.encodeURL(url);
        String urlDecoded = EncryptUtil.decodeURL(urlEncoded);
        
        System.out.println(url);
        System.out.println(urlEncoded);
        System.out.println(urlDecoded);
}

( 2)将filter纳入spring 容器:

配置AuthFilter

@Configuration
public class ZuulConfig {
    @Bean
    public AuthFilter preFileter() {
        return new AuthFilter();
    }
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean corsFilter() {
        final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
        final CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration();
        config.setAllowCredentials(true);
        config.addAllowedOrigin("*");
        config.addAllowedHeader("*");
        config.addAllowedMethod("*");
        config.setMaxAge(18000L);
        source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", config);
        CorsFilter corsFilter = new CorsFilter(source);
        FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean(corsFilter);
        bean.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE);
        return bean;
    }
}

5 微服务用户鉴权拦截

当微服务收到明文token时,应该怎么鉴权拦截呢?自己实现一个filter?自己解析明文token,自己定义一套资源访问策略?能不能适配Spring Security呢,是不是突然想起了前面我们实现的Spring Security基于token认证例子。咱们还拿统一用户服务作为网关下游微服务,对它进行改造,增加微服务用户鉴权拦截功能。

(1)增加测试资源

OrderController增加以下endpoint

@PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('p1')")
    @GetMapping(value = "/r1")
    public String r1(){
        UserDTO user = (UserDTO)
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication().getPrincipal();
         return user.getUsername() + "访问资源1";
    }
    @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('p2')")
    @GetMapping(value = "/r2")
    public String r2(){//通过Spring Security API获取当前登录用户
        UserDTO user =
(UserDTO)SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication().getPrincipal();
        return user.getUsername() + "访问资源2";
    }

model包下加实体类UserDto

@Data
public class UserDTO {
    private String id;
    private String username;
    private String mobile;
    private String fullname;
}

(2)Spring Security配置

开启方法保护,并增加Spring配置策略,除了/login方法不受保护(统一认证要调用),其他资源全部需要认证才能访问。

@Override
    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
                .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/**").access("#oauth2.hasScope('ROLE_ADMIN')")
                .and().csrf().disable()
                 .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
    }

综合上面的配置,咱们共定义了三个资源了,拥有p1权限可以访问r1资源,拥有p2权限可以访问r2资源,只要认证通过就能访问r3资源。

(3)定义filter拦截token,并形成Spring Security的Authentication对象

@Component
public class TokenAuthenticationFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse
httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
               String token = httpServletRequest.getHeader("json-token");
        if (token != null){
            //1.解析token
            String json = EncryptUtil.decodeUTF8StringBase64(token);
            JSONObject userJson = JSON.parseObject(json);
            UserDTO user = new UserDTO();
            user.setUsername(userJson.getString("principal"));
            JSONArray authoritiesArray = userJson.getJSONArray("authorities");
            String  [] authorities = authoritiesArray.toArray( new
String[authoritiesArray.size()]);
            //2.新建并填充authentication
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                    user, null, AuthorityUtils.createAuthorityList(authorities));
            authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(
                    httpServletRequest));
            //3.将authentication保存进安全上下文
            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
        }
        filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
    }
}

经过上边的过虑 器,资源 服务中就可以方便到的获取用户的身份信息:

UserDTO user = (UserDTO) SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication().getPrincipal();

还是三个步骤:

1.解析token

2.新建并填充authentication

3.将authentication保存进安全上下文

剩下的事儿就交给Spring Security好了。

6 集成测试

注意:记得uaa跟order的pom导入eurika坐标,以及application.properties配置eurika

本案例测试过程描述:

1、采用OAuth2.0的密码模式从UAA获取token

2、使用该token通过网关访问订单服务的测试资源

(1)过网关访问uaa的授权及获取令牌,获取token。注意端口是53010,网关的端口。

如授权 endpoint:

http://localhost:53010/uaa/oauth/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=c1 

令牌endpoint

http://localhost:53010/uaa/oauth/token

(2)使用Token过网关访问订单服务中的r1-r2测试资源进行测试。

结果:

使用张三token访问p1,访问成功

使用张三token访问p2,访问失败

使用李四token访问p1,访问失败

使用李四token访问p2,访问成功

符合预期结果。

(3)破坏token测试

无token测试返回内容:

{ 
    "error": "unauthorized",
    "error_description": "Full authentication is required to access this resource"
}

破坏token测试返回内容:

{ 
    "error": "invalid_token",
    "error_description": "Cannot convert access token to JSON"
}

7 扩展用户信息

7.1 需求分析

目前jwt令牌存储了用户的身份信息、权限信息,网关将token明文化转发给微服务使用,目前用户身份信息仅包括了用户的账号,微服务还需要用户的ID、手机号等重要信息。

所以,本案例将提供扩展用户信息的思路和方法,满足微服务使用用户信息的需求。

下边分析JWT令牌中扩展用户信息的方案:

在认证阶段DaoAuthenticationProvider会调用UserDetailService查询用户的信息,这里是可以获取到齐全的用户信息的。由于JWT令牌中用户身份信息来源于UserDetails,UserDetails中仅定义了username为用户的身份信息,这里有两个思路:第一是可以扩展UserDetails,使之包括更多的自定义属性,第二也可以扩展username的内容,比如存入json数据内容作为username的内容。相比较而言,方案二比较简单还不用破坏UserDetails的结构,我们采用方案二。

7.2 修改UserDetailService

从数据库查询到user,将整体user转成json存入userDetails对象。

@Override 
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
    //登录账号
    System.out.println("username="+username);
    //根据账号去数据库查询...
    UserDto user = userDao.getUserByUsername(username);
    if(user == null){
        return null;
    }
    //查询用户权限
    List<String> permissions = userDao.findPermissionsByUserId(user.getId());
    String[] perarray = new String[permissions.size()];
    permissions.toArray(perarray);
    //创建userDetails
    //这里将user转为json,将整体user存入userDetails
    String principal = JSON.toJSONString(user);
    UserDetails userDetails =
User.withUsername(principal).password(user.getPassword()).authorities(perarray).build();
    return userDetails;
}

7.3 修改资源服务过虑器

资源服务中的过虑 器负责 从header中解析json-token,从中即可拿网关放入的用户身份信息,部分关键代码如下:

... 
if (token != null){
    //1.解析token
    String json = EncryptUtil.decodeUTF8StringBase64(token);
    JSONObject userJson = JSON.parseObject(json);
    //取出用户身份信息
    String principal = userJson.getString("principal");
    //将json转成对象
    UserDTO userDTO = JSON.parseObject(principal, UserDTO.class);
    JSONArray authoritiesArray = userJson.getJSONArray("authorities");
    ...

以上过程就完成自定义用户身份信息的方案。

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